Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a destructive and highly polyphagous invasive fruit fly species of numerous fruit crops in global agriculture. Population genetic structure of this species from five different locations of Bangladesh was examined with other samples (collected from GenBank) from 15 sites of neighboring Asian countries. A fragment of 770 bp mitochondrial DNA cox1 was used to investigate the genetic diversity and the relationship between genetic patterns and geographical distribution of B. dorsalis. A total of 232 variable sites (33.23% of the 698 bp aligned consensus sequences) and 419 unique haplotypes were identified from 710 individuals. Indices of genetic diversity suggested that without exclusion from geographical areas, B. dorsalis retained a relatively high degree of genetic diversity. A demographic assessment [Tajimas’ D test, Fu’s Fs test and sum of square deviation (SSD values)] revealed that both current and historical variables performed a significant role in deciding the weak genetic structure with some exceptions. In Bangladesh, high levels of genetic diversity with a weak genetic structure indicated that the severity of this pest might increase in the future. Proper management techniques should be taken to overcome the future severity of this kind of destructive insect.

东方果蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）是全球农业中多种水果作物中具有破坏性且高度多相入侵的果蝇物种。来自孟加拉国五个不同地点的该物种的种群遗传结构与来自亚洲邻国15个地点的其他样本（从GenBank收集）进行了检查。770 bp线粒体DNA cox1片段用于研究背果双歧杆菌的遗传多样性以及遗传模式与地理分布之间的关系。从710个个体中鉴定出232个可变位点（占698 bp对齐的共有序列的33.23％）和419个独特的单倍型。遗传多样性的指标表明，背叶双歧杆菌在不排除地理区域的情况下保留了相对较高的遗传多样性。一项人口统计学评估[Tajimas的D检验，Fu的Fs检验和平方偏差之和（SSD值）]显示，除了某些例外，当前和历史变量在决定弱遗传结构方面都起着重要作用。在孟加拉国，遗传多样性高，遗传结构薄弱表明该害虫的严重性将来可能会增加。应该采取适当的管理技术，以克服这种破坏性昆虫今后的严重性。