Bisphenol S (BPS), an industrial chemical that is a structural analogue of bisphenol A, has been widely reported to be involved in various biological processes. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to BPS is associated with dysglycaemia-related health outcomes. The role of BPS in glucose metabolism, however, remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPS on glucose metabolism in different nutritionally conditioned mice. Our results revealed that 1-month exposure to a BPS dosage of 100 μg/kg bw slightly increased the insulin sensitivity of normal diet-fed mice, and that this effect was enhanced after 3-month exposure. It was also found that BPS exposure attenuated insulin resistance and reduced gluconeogenesis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Consequently, the concentrations of hepatic metabolites related to glucose metabolism were altered in both groups of mice. Moreover, thyroid hormone signalling was disrupted after BPS administration in both groups of mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPS exerted an unexpected hypoglycaemic effect in mice of different nutritional statuses, and that this was partly attributable to disrupted thyroid hormone signalling.

双酚S（BPS）是一种工业化学物质，是双酚A的结构类似物，已被广泛报道与多种生物过程有关。流行病学研究表明，接触BPS与血糖异常相关的健康结果有关。然而，BPS在葡萄糖代谢中的作用仍存在争议。在这项研究中，我们旨在研究长期暴露于环境相关浓度的BPS对不同营养条​​件小鼠的葡萄糖代谢的影响。我们的结果表明，暴露于100μg/ kg bw的BPS剂量1个月会稍微增加正常饮食喂养小鼠的胰岛素敏感性，并且暴露3个月后这种作用会增强。还发现在高脂饮食喂养的小鼠中，BPS暴露会减弱胰岛素抵抗并减少糖异生。因此，两组小鼠中与葡萄糖代谢相关的肝代谢产物的浓度均发生了改变。此外，两组小鼠在施用BPS后甲状腺激素信号均被破坏。两者合计，我们的研究结果表明，长期暴露于环境相关浓度的BPS对不同营养状况的小鼠产生了意想不到的降血糖作用，这部分归因于甲状腺激素信号传导的破坏。