Natural ventilation (NV) is a sustainable solution to improve building energy efficiency and reduce carbon emission. In this study, we quantified the impact of air pollution and noise pollution on the NV potential at both city scale and building scale in London. At city scale, the loss of annual cooling energy saving potential due to noise pollution (8.1 kWh/m²) was found to be comparable to that due to air pollution (9.0 kWh/m²). At building scale, we selected a naturally ventilated office building in central London with two windows facing a noisy and polluted traffic road and one window overlooking a quiet and clean courtyard for case study. By coupling EnergyPlus simulation with advanced wind tunnel experiments, we identified the prevailing inflow directions and cooling energy saving potentials of 26 NV modes with different window combinations. It was found that cross ventilation with stack effects is the most efficient NV mode for indoor-outdoor exchanges and prevailing building inflow direction can be regulated by optimising window openings at different heights. Particularly for the case study building, we can save cooling energy by up to 5.6 kWh/m² per month in the optimal NV mode while minimising the negative health impact of ambient pollution by introducing more fresh air from the cleaner side. In addition, local urban morphological changes such as the presence of a tall building or the expansion of an adjacent road were also found to be influential on NV performances.

自然通风（NV）是提高建筑能源效率和减少碳排放的可持续解决方案。在这项研究中，我们量化了空气污染和噪声污染对伦敦城市规模和建筑规模的NV潜力的影响。在城市范围内，噪声污染（8.1 kWh / m ²）导致的年度冷却节能潜力的损失与空气污染（9.0 kWh / m ²）造成的损失可比。）。在建筑规模上，我们选择了伦敦市中心一处自然通风的办公楼，其中两扇窗户面向嘈杂且污染严重的交通道路，一扇窗户俯瞰安静而干净的庭院，以供案例研究。通过将EnergyPlus模拟与先进的风洞实验相结合，我们确定了26种不同窗组合NV模式的主要流入方向和冷却节能潜力。已发现，具有堆叠效应的交叉通风是室内外交换的最有效的NV模式，并且可以通过优化不同高度的窗户开口来调节主要建筑物的流入方向。特别是对于案例研究大楼，我们可以节省高达5.6 kWh / m ^2的冷却能量在最佳NV模式下，每个月最多一次，同时通过从清洁器侧引入更多新鲜空气，将环境污染对健康的负面影响最小化。此外，还发现当地城市形态的变化（例如，高层建筑的存在或相邻道路的扩展）对NV性能有影响。