Analysis of genetic diversity in dendranthema is necessary to improve this important ornamental species. In this study, 30 Dendranthema grandiflora cultivars were assessed based on 21 phenotypic traits and 13 ISSR loci based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Iran. Phenotypic traits such as plant height, lateral branch number, leaf number, leaf area, and flower number had high (i.e., > 45%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, indicating the potential of these traits for improving through targeted selection in breeding programs. All of the ISSR markers were polymorphic, and 86 alleles were identified across the cultivars. The average polymorphic information content was 0.35 with a Shannon’s information index of 0.29, indicating high levels of genetic variation in the tested cultivars. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard similarity indices (J) grouped 30 genotypes into 10 major clusters. The closest relation was observed between the ‘Oran’ and ‘Taban3′ cultivars (with 91% similarity), while ‘Fariborz’ and ‘Farahnaz’ cultivars were far apart from others (with 38% similarity). All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their ISSR fingerprints. T(GA)9 and (AGC)5GA markers had the highest molecular indices, which could be used for future breeding programs of dendranthema. Eleven cultivars were classified separately into four groups (A–D), and the remaining 19 cultivars were placed in the other four groups (E–H). The findings of this study will aid in parental selection studies for hybridization programs of dendranthema in future.

为了改善这种重要的观赏物种，必须对树皮中的遗传多样性进行分析。在这项研究中，30个大花石D根据21个表型性状和13个ISSR基因座，基于完全随机的区组设计评估了该品种，在伊朗进行了3次重复。表型性状，例如株高，侧枝数，叶数，叶面积和花数具有高（即> 45％）的表型和基因型变异系数，表明这些性状有可能通过在育种计划中进行有针对性的选择来改善。所有的ISSR标记都是多态的，在整个品种中鉴定出86个等位基因。平均多态性信息含量为0.35，香农信息指数为0.29，表明测试品种的遗传变异水平较高。基于Jaccard相似性指数（Jaccard相似性指数，J）的聚类分析将30个基因型分为10个主要聚类。观察到“ Oran”和“ Taban3”两个品种之间的亲缘关系最接近（相似度为91％），而“ Fariborz”和“ Farahnaz”两个品种之间的相距较远（相似性为38％）。所有品种的ISSR指纹图谱都清楚地区分了它们。T（GA）9和（AGC）5GA标记具有最高的分子指数，可用于将来的树突状动物育种程序。将11个品种分别分为4个组（AD），其余19个品种则分为4个组（E–H）。这项研究的结果将有助于将来父母对树突状细胞杂交计划的选择研究。T（GA）9和（AGC）5GA标记具有最高的分子指数，可用于将来的树突状动物育种程序。将11个品种分别分为4个组（AD），其余19个品种则分为4个组（E–H）。这项研究的结果将有助于将来父母对树突状细胞杂交计划的选择研究。T（GA）9和（AGC）5GA标记具有最高的分子指数，可用于将来的树突状动物育种程序。将11个品种分别分为4个组（AD），其余19个品种则分为4个组（E–H）。这项研究的结果将有助于将来父母对树突状细胞杂交计划的选择研究。