Consequentialist theories determine rightness solely based on real or expected consequences. Although such theories are popular, they often have difficulty with generalizing intuitions, which, in their pre-theoretic form, require concern for the question “What if everybody did that?” When generalizing versions of consequentialism have been attempted, as with rule consequentialism, the results are messy. We claim that the conceptual apparatus currently employed in generalizing consequentialism is not adequate to the task. Just as decision theory is crucial to modern consequentialism for handling uncertainty, so too is it crucial for handling generalization. Here, we present a relatively new decision theory, functional decision theory, that will allow us to sketch a theory of generalized act consequentialism. We argue that this theory is superior to rule consequentialism both in modeling the actual reasoning of generalizers and in delivering correct results.

中文翻译：

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没有搭便车的后果主义

结果主义理论仅根据真实或预期的结果来确定正确性。尽管这些理论很流行，但它们通常难以概括直觉，而在其前理论形式中，需要关注“如果每个人都这样做会怎样？”这个问题。当试图概括结果主义的版本时，就像规则后果主义一样，结果是混乱的。我们声称目前用于概括结果主义的概念装置不足以完成这项任务。正如决策理论对于处理不确定性的现代后果论至关重要一样，它对于处理概括也至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一个相对较新的决策理论，即功能决策理论，这将使我们能够勾勒出广义行为后果论的理论。