This article discusses opposing representations of the Dutch ballad singer as political rebel versus entertainer and performer. It reveals how these representations were shaped, how they interacted in cultural practices and how they changed in the Low Countries in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The underlying question is the relevancy of these street singers in the process of public opinion formation. The period under scrutiny is highly relevant in the context of Dutch history, because it covers the rise of the reformist movement, the revolt of the Northern provinces against the Spanish King, the establishment of the Dutch Republic and growing importance of the local cultural infrastructure. One of the main conclusions is that from the mid‐fifteenth century onwards and including the seventeenth century, ballads and street singing, entertaining as well as propagandistic, were generally seen as a form propaganda and subversion. Despite the often tolerated and even appreciated entertaining function of ballads, the ballad singer from the Dutch revolt onwards remained a distrusted figure.

中文翻译：

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街上唱歌的微弱回声。追踪民谣卖家及其在低地国家的声誉

本文讨论了荷兰民谣歌手作为政治叛逆者与艺人和表演者的对立表述。它揭示了这些表征是如何形成的，它们如何在文化实践中相互作用，以及它们在 16 和 17 世纪的过程中在低地国家如何变化。潜在的问题是这些街头歌手在舆论形成过程中的相关性。受审查的时期与荷兰历史背景密切相关，因为它涵盖了改革运动的兴起、北部省份反抗西班牙国王的起义、荷兰共和国的建立以及当地文化基础设施日益重要的重要性。主要结论之一是，从 15 世纪中叶开始，包括 17 世纪，民谣和街头唱歌，娱乐性和宣传性，通常被视为一种形式的宣传和颠覆。尽管民谣的娱乐功能经常被容忍甚至赞赏，但荷兰起义之后的民谣歌手仍然是一个不受信任的人物。