In the following paper, we draw from Roberto Esposito's and Donna Haraway's theories of immunity to examine immigration apparatuses. The immunization perspective provides new ways of examining how immigration apparatuses function. In particular, we explore how they serve the purpose of biologically and culturally immunizing a nation from being contaminated by "dangerous" populations. We begin by briefly outlining Esposito's and Haraway's theories of immunity. Then for the remainder of the paper we provide a genealogical sketch of the demographics of immunization in Canadian immigration policies. In the Canadian case, there are two stages of immunization that roughly correspond to Esposito's historical account of the development of immunization apparatuses. First, we explore what we call the "crude immunization stage" (1867–1967), where various discriminatory criteria and measures were erected to safeguard the nation from being contaminated by populations designated as "dangerous." The second "sophisticated immunization stage" began when Canada adopted a more liberal notion of multiculturalism (1967–present). Despite making substantial changes to immigration policies in the late 1960s, which were supposed to drop all discriminatory criteria on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin, we demonstrate how the same categories were reasserted by streaming potential (im)migrants into two pools: valuable, high-skilled immigrant workers and disposable, low-skilled migrant laborers. In this second stage, Canada has increasingly relied upon "guest" workers over permanent immigrants to supply its labor market. This distinction between permanent immigrants and temporary migrants has become a new mechanism for discriminating on the basis of race, ethnicity, and national origin.

中文翻译：

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文化和生物免疫：移民机构的生物政治分析

在接下来的论文中，我们借鉴了罗伯托·埃斯波西托和唐娜·哈拉维的免疫理论来研究移民机构。免疫视角提供了检查移民机构如何运作的新方法。特别是，我们探索了它们如何达到使一个国家免受“危险”人口污染的生物和文化免疫的目的。我们首先简要概述 Esposito 和 Haraway 的免疫理论。然后，在本文的其余部分，我们提供了加拿大移民政策中免疫人口统计的谱系草图。在加拿大的案例中，有两个免疫阶段，大致对应于 Esposito 对免疫装置发展的历史描述。首先，我们探索我们所说的“ 工人超过永久移民以供应其劳动力市场。这种对永久移民和临时移民的区分已经成为一种新的基于种族、民族和民族的歧视机制。