Fictional minds have taken a central role in cognitive narratology, from Lisa Zunshine's appropriation of the debates around so-called ‘theory of mind’ (2007) to Alan Palmer's work on ‘fictional minds’ (2004), and, more recently, his discussion of Social Minds in the Novel (2010). Palmer brings to the fore instances in which characters think collectively, such as the ‘Middlemarch mind’, but he also acknowledges the possibility of interplay between externalist and internalist perspectives on fictional minds. The present article proposes to extend Palmer's discussion to include not only successful social minds but also those that get into trouble in ways interesting to narrative study. Drawing on texts by Sarah Fielding and Edward Gibbon, written in the eighteenth century, a time when the boundaries between the public and the private were renegotiated, the article develops an account of the dynamics of social minds between internalist and externalist narrative modes. It shows how these dynamics relate to the development of plot and how they come to the fore in narrative strategies, such as opaque embedded intentionalities, polyphony and irony.

中文翻译：

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当社会思想陷入困境时

从 Lisa Zunshine 对围绕所谓“心理理论”（2007 年）的辩论到艾伦·帕尔默（Alan Palmer）关于“虚构心理”的著作（2004 年），以及最近他的讨论，虚构思维在认知叙事学中占据了核心地位。小说中的社会思想（2010）。帕尔默将人物集体思考的例子放在首位，例如“米德尔马奇思想”，但他也承认外在主义和内在主义对虚构思想的看法之间存在相互作用的可能性。本文建议将帕尔默的讨论扩展到不仅包括成功的社会头脑，还包括那些以叙事研究有趣的方式陷入困境的人。借鉴 Sarah Fielding 和 Edward Gibbon 写于 18 世纪的文本，在重新协商公共和私人之间的界限的时候，本文对内在主义和外在主义叙事模式之间的社会思想动态进行了说明。它展示了这些动态如何与情节发展相关，以及它们如何在叙事策略中脱颖而出，例如不透明的嵌入意图、复调和反讽。