Abstract:I make three surprising and related claims. An important strand of Romanticism: 1) embraced and championed the idea of second nature (the formative importance of traditions, customs, and practices); 2) espoused progressive democracy, which included political, economic, and social justice; and 3) understood an intimate connection between (1) and (2). I focus on British Romanticism, especially on the early work of William Wordsworth. In the conclusion, I show that this argument about Romanticism and second nature has broad implications for contemporary democratic society.

中文翻译：

---

华兹华斯：第二自然与民主

摘要：我提出了三个令人惊讶的相关声明。浪漫主义的一个重要方面：1）接受并拥护第二天性的观念（传统、习俗和实践的形成重要性）；2) 拥护进步民主，包括政治、经济和社会正义；和 3) 理解 (1) 和 (2) 之间的密切联系。我专注于英国浪漫主义，尤其是威廉华兹华斯的早期作品。在结论中，我表明这种关于浪漫主义和第二天性的论点对当代民主社会具有广泛的影响。