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Fielding's Odyssey: The Man of Honor, the New Man, and the Problem of Violence in Tom Jones
Studies in Philology Pub Date : 2018-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/sip.2018.0030
Terence N. Bowers

Abstract:As a magistrate who dealt with the problem of crime in Europe's largest metropolis, Henry Fielding was keenly aware that violence and its destructive effects pervaded life in eighteenth-century Britain, and that much of this violence originated from conflicts centered on male honor. This essay explores the link between public violence and honor-based notions of masculinity and argues that Fielding addresses the issue in Tom Jones by presenting Tom as the exemplar of a new model of masculinity, one not tethered to the code of honor and placed in direct opposition to men of honor, whom Fielding saw as a threat to civil society. A crucial dimension of Fielding's critique of the culture of honor and his construction of a new paradigm of manhood stems from his decision to cast Tom as a modern Odysseus. While it is well known that Fielding alludes to Homer's epic in Tom Jones, why he did so and the effects generated by this intertextual dynamic have not been fully explored. Nor has scholarship on Tom Jones fully appreciated that Fielding, in casting his hero as a modern Odysseus, was making use of a venerable idiom in European literary history for rethinking ideals of human character. Comparing Fielding's Odysseus to Homer's reveals how Fielding reimagined one of the most compelling models of manhood in Western civilization, made him less prone to violent impulses, and adapted him to function in a post-honor-based society—a kind of society that would be less violent, and one that Fielding wanted Britain to become.

中文翻译:

菲尔丁的奥德赛:《荣誉人物》,《新男人》和《汤姆·琼斯》中的暴力问题

摘要:作为负责处理欧洲最大大都市犯罪问题的治安法官,亨利·菲尔德(Henry Fielding)敏锐地意识到,暴力及其破坏性影响席卷了18世纪的英国生活,而这种暴力的大部分源于以男性荣誉为中心的冲突。本文探讨了公共暴力与基于荣誉的男性气概概念之间的联系,并认为菲尔丁通过将汤姆展示为一种新型的男性气概模型的典范解决了汤姆·琼斯的问题,该模型没有被束缚在荣誉守则中,而是直接存在于男子气概中。反对荣誉人士,菲尔丁将其视为对公民社会的威胁。菲尔丁对荣誉文化进行批判的一个重要方面,以及他对新的男子气概的建构,源于他决定将汤姆(Tom)塑造成现代奥德修斯。众所周知,菲尔丁在汤姆·琼斯(Tom Jones)中提到荷马史诗,但他为什么这么做以及这种互文性动态所产生的影响尚未得到充分探讨。汤姆·琼斯的奖学金也没有完全赞赏菲尔丁将他的英雄塑造成现代奥德修斯,他利用欧洲文学史上一个古老的成语重新思考人类的理想。将菲尔丁的《奥德修斯》与荷马的作品进行比较,揭示了菲尔丁如何重新构想西方文明中最令人信服的男子气概之一,如何使他不容易受到暴力冲动,并使他适应在以荣誉为基础的社会中工作,这种社会将是少暴力,而菲尔丁希望英国成为。他为什么这样做,以及这种互文性动态产生的影响尚未完全探讨。汤姆·琼斯的奖学金也没有完全赞赏菲尔丁将他的英雄塑造成现代奥德修斯,他利用欧洲文学史上一个古老的成语来重新思考人的性格理想。将菲尔丁的《奥德修斯》与荷马的作品进行比较,揭示了菲尔丁如何重新构想西方文明中最令人信服的男子气概之一,如何使他不容易受到暴力冲动,并使他适应在以荣誉为基础的社会中工作,这种社会将是少暴力,而菲尔丁希望英国成为。他为什么这样做,以及这种互文性动态产生的影响尚未完全探讨。汤姆·琼斯的奖学金也没有完全赞赏菲尔丁将他的英雄塑造成现代奥德修斯,他利用欧洲文学史上一个古老的成语来重新思考人的性格理想。将菲尔丁的《奥德修斯》与荷马的作品进行比较,揭示了菲尔丁如何重新构想西方文明中最令人信服的男子气概之一,如何使他不容易受到暴力冲动,并使他适应在以荣誉为基础的社会中工作,这种社会将是少暴力,而菲尔丁希望英国成为。他利用欧洲文学史上一个古老的习语来重新思考人的性格理想。将菲尔丁的《奥德修斯》与荷马的作品进行比较,揭示了菲尔丁如何重新构想西方文明中最令人信服的男子气概之一,如何使他不容易受到暴力冲动,并使他适应在以荣誉为基础的社会中工作,这种社会将是少暴力,而菲尔丁希望英国成为。他利用欧洲文学史上一个古老的习语来重新思考人的性格理想。将菲尔丁的《奥德修斯》与荷马的作品进行比较,揭示了菲尔丁如何重新构想西方文明中最令人信服的男子气概之一,如何使他不容易受到暴力冲动,并使他适应在以荣誉为基础的社会中工作,这种社会将是少暴力,而菲尔丁希望英国成为。
更新日期:2018-01-01
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