The modern Arabic term for national homeland, waṭan, derives its sense from the related yet semantically different usage of this term in classical Arabic, particularly in classical Arabic poetry. In modern usage, waṭan refers to a politically defined, visually memorialized territory whose expanse is cognized abstractly rather than through personal experience. The modern waṭan is the geopolitical locus of national identity. The classical notion of waṭan, however, is rarely given much geographical content, although it usually designates a relatively localized area on the scale of a neighborhood, town, or village. More important than geographical content is the subjective meaning of the waṭan, in the sense of its essential place in the psyche of an individual. The waṭan (also mawṭin, awṭān), both in poetry and other types of classical writing, is strongly associated with the childhood/youth and primary love attachments of the speaker. This sense of waṭan is thus temporally defined as much as spatially, and as such can be seen as an archetypal instance of the Bakhtinian chronotope, one intrinsically associated with nostalgia and estrangement. The waṭan, as the site of the classical self’s former plenitude, is by definition lost or transfigured and unrecoverable, becoming an attachment that must be relinquished for the sake of virtue and glory. This paper argues that the bivalency of the classical waṭan chronotope, recoverable through analysis of poetic and literary texts, allows us to understand the space and time of the self in classical Arabic literature and how this self differs from that presupposed by modern ideals of patriotism.

中文翻译：

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Waṭan经典概念中的疏离与自我

民族家园的现代阿拉伯语术语 waṭan，其含义来自该术语在古典阿拉伯语中的相关但语义上不同的用法，特别是在古典阿拉伯诗歌中。在现代用法中，waṭan 指的是一个政治定义的、视觉上被纪念的领土，它的广阔是抽象的，而不是通过个人经验来认知的。现代 waṭan 是民族认同的地缘政治场所。然而，waṭan 的经典概念很少被赋予太多的地理内容，尽管它通常指定一个社区、城镇或村庄规模的相对局部区域。比地理内容更重要的是 waṭan 的主观意义，就其在个人心理中的重要位置而言。waṭan（也mawṭin，awṭān），在诗歌和其他类型的古典写作中，与说话者的童年/青年和主要爱情依恋密切相关。因此，这种 waṭan 的意义在时间和空间上都得到了定义，因此可以被视为巴赫金时空的原型实例，一个本质上与怀旧和疏远相关联。waṭan，作为古典自我从前丰富的场所，根据定义，已经丢失或变形且无法恢复，成为为了美德和荣耀而必须放弃的依恋。本文认为，古典 waṭan chronotope 的二价性，可以通过对诗歌和文学文本的分析来恢复，使我们能够理解古典阿拉伯文学中自我的空间和时间，以及这种自我与现代爱国主义理想所预设的自我有何不同。