The purpose of this paper is to closely re-examine historical lessons of the 1990 water transfer agreement from the Imperial Irrigation District (IID) to the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD), particularly from the “bottom-up” perspective so that it will recognize not only the “dominant” economic value of water but also communal and “least recognized” ecological values of water—a perspective and values that Professor Helen Ingram, whom I count among my most valued scholarly mentors, emphasizes in her work. The IID, formed in 1911, is both an irrigation district, established under the state water code, that supplies roughly 500,000 acres of Imperial Valley farmland with raw Colorado River water to support irrigation and an electrical energy utility to the Valley. Meanwhile, the MWD, established in 1928, is a regional wholesaler and the largest supplier of treated water in the United States, providing water to 19 million people in its 5,200-squaremile service area through the Colorado River Aqueduct as well as the state water project (see map).

中文翻译：

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“自下而上”认识水的多重价值：南加州大都会水区-帝王灌区调水的历史教训

本文的目的是仔细重新审视 1990 年从帝国灌溉区 (IID) 到南加州大都会水区 (MWD) 的调水协议的历史教训，特别是从“自下而上”的角度，以便它将不仅承认水的“主要”经济价值，还会承认水的公共和“最不为人所知”的生态价值——我认为我最重要的学术导师之一的海伦英格拉姆教授在她的工作中强调了这一观点和价值观。IID 成立于 1911 年，既是一个灌溉区，根据州水法规建立，为大约 500,000 英亩的帝王谷农田提供科罗拉多河原水，以支持该谷的灌溉和电能公用事业。与此同时，成立于 1928 年的 MWD，