My title is paradoxical, possibly wrong. Refamiliarizing means reintroducing the once known but since forgotten on the assumption that familiarity fosters understanding. The logic on view inheres in the root word, “familiar”: “known to a person from long or close association.” But Viktor Shklovsky (1893–1984), enfant terrible of the Russian Formalists from the second decade of the twentieth century right to the end of his long life (another paradox), contests that logic.Defamiliarization, his most significant contribution to literary theory, posits that more familiarity with flogging, sex, or the custom of burying the dead—his examples, to which I will return—results in less rather than more of a sense of what they are. In a consequential opposition, Shklovsky claims we lose the ability toseewhat we encounter frequently; we come instead merely torecognizeit by its outlines, “as though it were enveloped in a sack.” To see it again, to see it in all its particularity, requires the disorientation that arises when the familiar appears before us as precisely, if temporarily, unrecognizable. Since I aim to render strange, to remove the sack, this little essay should of course be called “Defamiliarizing Viktor Shklovsky.”

中文翻译：

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重新熟悉维克多·什克洛夫斯基

我的标题自相矛盾，可能是错误的。重新熟悉意味着重新引入曾经已知但由于熟悉促进理解的假设而被遗忘的事物。观点的逻辑源于词根“熟悉”：“一个人从长期或密切的联系中知道”。但是维克多·什克洛夫斯基（Viktor Shklovsky，1893-1984 年），从 20 世纪第二个十年一直到他漫长的生命结束（另一个悖论），都是俄罗斯形式主义者的可怕孩子，他反对这种逻辑。陌生化，他对文学理论最重要的贡献，假定对鞭笞、性或埋葬死者的习俗更熟悉——他的例子，我将回到这些例子——导致更少而不是更多地了解它们是什么。在一个相应的反对意见中，Shklovsky 声称我们失去了看我们经常遇到的；我们只是来认出它的轮廓，“好像它被包裹在一个袋子里。” 再次看到它，看到它的所有特殊性，需要当熟悉的事物出现在我们面前时产生的迷失方向，即使是暂时的，也无法识别。既然我的目的是为了变得陌生，为了消除麻袋，这篇小论文当然应该被称为“陌生的维克多·什克洛夫斯基”。