The Indian struggle for independence from the British rule showed a strange paradox: an intense but understandable dislike of the British occupation of the country and an equally strong but puzzling sentimental attachment to the English language. In fact, the departure of the British from India produced a near-violent campaign to retain English as a na? tional language and a unifying tool for the country. The birth of a new nation also generated a new impulse to create new literary works in every language of Indian origin as well as in English, which some claimed as an Indian language. Those who had been writing in English before the coun? try won her independence now took to writing in that language with re? doubled vigour, as it were, and many newcomers joined them, with the result that, although the English-speaking Indians were, and still are, a minority, the number of Indian writers who write in English is an impres? sive one. Of this group of writers who write in English, the Indian novel? ists are the most conspicuous both for the quantity and quality of their output. Such an output will impress us as an even more remarkable achievement if we bear in mind the fact that there is no such thing as a tradition of novel writing in India dating from the ancient times. Ancient India produced many great things but not a novel as we un? derstand it today. A no bhadrah rtavo yantu viswatah1?may noble thoughts come to us from all sides?said our ancestors some four thou? sand years ago. They might well have added, noble things too. For the Indian novel and short fiction in their present form, both in English and in the Indian languages, are an importation from the West generally and from England in particular. While we had several forms of literature be? fore, including such things as champu (a composition which employs both the prose and the verse media), the modern Indian novel and the short story owe their existence to the West. The novel existed in Sanskrit as ro

中文翻译：

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印度英语小说：寻找身份

印度为摆脱英国统治而争取独立的斗争表现出一种奇怪的悖论：对英国占领该国的强烈但可以理解的厌恶，以及对英语的同样强烈但令人费解的情感依恋。事实上，英国人离开印度引发了一场近乎暴力的运动，以保留英语作为 na? 国语言和统一工具。一个新国家的诞生也产生了一种新的冲动，即用每种印度语言以及英语创作新的文学作品，有些人声称英语是印度语言。那些在议会之前一直用英语写作的人？尝试赢得了她的独立性，现在开始用这种语言写作吗？可以说是双倍的活力，许多新人加入了他们的行列，结果是，尽管说英语的印度人过去是，现在仍然是，少数，用英语写作的印度作家有多少是印象深刻的？一个。在这群用英语写作的作家中，印度小说？IST 在其产出的数量和质量方面最为引人注目。如果我们牢记印度没有自古以来的小说写作传统这一事实，那么这样的作品会给我们留下更加卓越的印象。古印度产生了许多伟大的东西，但不是我们的小说？今天就明白了。A no bhadrah rtavo yantu viswatah1？高尚的思想可以从四面八方来到我们吗？我们的祖先说，你大约有四个吗？几年前的沙子。他们很可能还会添加一些高尚的东西。对于目前形式的印度小说和短篇小说，包括英语和印度语言，一般是从西方进口，特别是从英国进口。虽然我们有几种文学形式？最重要的是，包括像champu（一种同时使用散文和诗歌媒体的作品）、现代印度小说和短篇小说之类的东西，它们的存在都归功于西方。这部小说在梵文中以 ro 的形式存在