In this article, I examine how Muslim women who ae religiously-married in Germany might initiate no-fault divorce in the absence of a German registered civil marriage. Because there is no Muslim state authority to consult, local imams and Islamic leaders can resort to a community-led practice known as khulʿ (divorce initiated by the woman) to dissolve an Islamic marriage (nikāḥ) that is not recognized by civil authorities. In this article, which is the culmination of three years of fieldwork in Germany, I analyze and interpret the views and practices of two groups of religious actors conservatives and pragmatists towards khulʿ in cases of nikāḥ. I find that conservatives only permit a woman to divorce through khulʿ with her husband’s consent, whereas pragmatists use Muslim minority jurisprudence (fiqh al-aqalliyyāt al-Muslima) to argue that the husband’s consent is not essential to legitimize a khulʿ pronouncement.

中文翻译：

---

Khulʿ 在德国的实践：实用主义与保守主义

在这篇文章中，我研究了在德国宗教婚姻的穆斯林妇女如何在没有德国登记的民事婚姻的情况下发起无过错离婚。由于没有穆斯林国家权力可以协商，当地的伊玛目和伊斯兰领袖可以诉诸社区主导的做法，称为 khulʿ（由妇女发起的离婚），以解除未被民政当局承认的伊斯兰婚姻 (nikāḥ)。在这篇文章中，我在德国进行了三年的实地考察，在 nikāḥ 案例中，我分析和解释了保守派和实用主义者两组宗教演员对 khulʿ 的看法和做法。我发现保守派只允许女人在丈夫同意的情况下通过 khulʿ 离婚，