This article contributes to Islamicist scholarship on the relationship between modern technology and Muslim thought and practice by closely reading and historicizing a twentieth-century South Asian Ḥanafī treatise on the use of the loudspeaker in ritual prayers. In this treatise, the Ḥanafī jurist Muḥammad Shafīʿ discusses the reasons for changing his legal opinion. The jurist first argued that the use of the loudspeaker invalidates the ritual prayer of the congregant (muqtadī). In his revised position, however, he held that the loudspeaker should be avoided in ritual prayers, but that its use does not invalidate the prayer. While Muḥammad Shafīʿ appears to have revised his position in response to newfound scientific knowledge about the ontological status of the loudspeaker’s sound or for the sake of public benefit (maṣlaḥah), I suggest that his revised fatwā was based on distinctive Ḥanafī modes of legal reasoning. By grounding his revised position in casuistry, the muftī renewed his commitment to his law school’s methodologies in a social context in which scientific knowledge and legal pluralism were weakening Ḥanafī modes of reasoning.

中文翻译：

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麻烦的技术：关于扬声器和仪式祈祷的 Deobandī 辩论


本文通过仔细阅读和历史化 20 世纪南亚 Ḥanafī 论文中关于在仪式祈祷中使用扬声器的论文，为现代技术与穆斯林思想和实践之间关系的伊斯兰学术研究做出了贡献。在这篇论文中，Ḥanafī 法学家 Muḥammad Shafīʿ 讨论了改变他的法律观点的原因。法学家首先辩称，使用扩音器会使会众的仪式祈祷 (muqtadī) 无效。然而，在他修改后的立场中，他认为在仪式祈祷中应该避免使用扩音器，但它的使用不会使祈祷无效。虽然 Muḥammad Shafīʿ 似乎已经修改了他的立场，以响应有关扬声器声音本体状态的新科学知识或为了公共利益 (maṣlaḥah)，我认为他修订的教令是基于独特的 Ḥanafī 法律推理模式。通过将修改后的立场置于诡辩术的基础上，穆夫提在科学知识和法律多元化正在削弱 Ḥanafī 推理模式的社会背景下，重申了他对法学院方法论的承诺。