This essay analyzes a debate among Muslim jurists in French Mandate Syria and Lebanon around whether the family waqf , a form of charitable endowment dedicated to the founder’s family, is a legitimate form of the waqf and whether it should be abolished. I argue that the new categorization of the family waqf as a deviation from real charitable giving was informed by new conceptions of the economy, religion, and charity. Because the debate was among Muslim legal scholars, it also allows us to examine modern changes in the Islamic legal tradition. I show how the debate displays the use of new scientific styles of reasoning among Muslim jurists in the derivation of rules, thereby transforming the legal tradition without rupturing it.

中文翻译：

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“Waqf 家族是宗教机构吗？” 法属黎巴嫩的慈善、宗教和经济

本文分析了法国托管地叙利亚和黎巴嫩的穆斯林法学家之间关于家族 waqf（一种致力于创始人家庭的慈善捐赠形式）是否是 waqf 的合法形式以及是否应该废除的争论。我认为，家庭 waqf 的新分类偏离了真正的慈善捐赠，这是由经济、宗教和慈善的新概念所决定的。因为辩论是在穆斯林法律学者之间进行的，它也让我们能够审视伊斯兰法律传统的现代变化。我展示了这场辩论如何展示穆斯林法学家在推导规则时使用新的科学推理方式，从而在不破坏法律传统的情况下改变它。