Mining typically may cause soil subsidence problems. In the Netherlands, that has been the case in the old coal mining district of Limburg (southern Netherlands) and also, more recently, in the new gas and salt mining areas in the north of the country. In the Province of Groningen, three decades of gas mining have caused a soil subsidence of over 35 centimetres. Furthermore, since earthquakes increasingly occur and have even passed 3.3 on the Richter scale, which is the threshold of danger to property, in the late 1990s, their relation to mining activities is no longer denied by the industry after some decades of stubborn negation. In this article, a number of reasons are presented, including arguments derived from liability under tort law (strict liability, combined with reversal of proof, as applied in Limburg since the 1920s), for why the 2003 Dutch Mining Law (as amended in 2017) does not appear to be successful in reflecting the state of the art. One would have expected more in a field with so much at stake, not just for the mining industry but also for citizens and the environment at large. Therefore, it is observed that the liability of mine operators is treated better by the legislation in adjacent European countries. The analysis of the current Dutch Mining Law, concentrating on the issue of liability for damage caused by soil subsidence and earthquakes to private property and the environment, is made from a comparative perspective, with special attention to French, German, and British mining law.

中文翻译：

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荷兰法律规定的因土壤沉降、地震和地下水管理造成损害的天然气和煤炭开采中的责任问题或：格罗宁根和林堡两个省的故事

采矿通常会导致土壤沉降问题。在荷兰，林堡（荷兰南部）的旧煤矿区以及最近在该国北部的新天然气和盐矿区都是这种情况。在格罗宁根省，三年的天然气开采导致土壤下沉超过 35 厘米。此外，由于地震越来越多，甚至超过了里氏 3.3 级，这是财产危险的门槛，在 1990 年代后期，经过几十年的顽固否定，地震与采矿活动的关系不再被行业否认。在本文中，提出了许多理由，包括源自侵权法下的责任的论点（严格责任，结合证据倒置，自 1920 年代以来在林堡适用），为什么 2003 年的荷兰矿业法（2017 年修订）似乎没有成功反映最先进的技术。在一个有如此多风险的领域，人们会期望更多，不仅对采矿业，而且对公民和整个环境也是如此。因此，据观察，相邻欧洲国家的立法更好地处理了矿山经营者的责任。荷兰现行《矿业法》的分析重点是土壤沉降和地震对私有财产和环境造成损害的责任问题，从比较的角度进行分析，特别关注法国、德国和英国的矿业法。不仅对于采矿业，而且对于公民和整个环境也是如此。因此，据观察，相邻欧洲国家的立法更好地处理了矿山经营者的责任。荷兰现行《矿业法》的分析重点是土壤沉降和地震对私有财产和环境造成损害的责任问题，从比较的角度进行分析，特别关注法国、德国和英国的矿业法。不仅对于采矿业，而且对于公民和整个环境也是如此。因此，据观察，相邻欧洲国家的立法更好地处理了矿山经营者的责任。荷兰现行《矿业法》的分析重点是土壤沉降和地震对私有财产和环境造成损害的责任问题，从比较的角度进行分析，特别关注法国、德国和英国的矿业法。