In numerous cases, courts have declined to apply the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods in litigation where the parties have pleaded domestic law, notwithstanding that the underlying contract satisfies criteria necessary for the CISG to serve as governing law. Courts that have reached this conclusion maintain that domestic procedural law permits exclusion of the CISG notwithstanding that it would otherwise be applicable. Other courts and numerous commentators maintain that the judicial refusal to apply to the CISG in these cases violates both the substantive provisions of the CISG and the law of treaties that governs the obligations of states that have adopted it. In this article, we maintain that courts that invoke domestic procedural doctrines to avoid application of the CISG are acting reasonably and consistently with the intent of Contracting States. In the first instance, the substantive provisions of the CISG do not preclude use of procedural doctrines in as broad of a set of cases as commentators who read the domain of the CISG more broadly maintain. More generally, the argument that states are obligated to subordinate domestic procedural doctrines where a treaty is silent about its effect on those doctrines fails to consider whether those states intended to displace domestic procedures. We conclude that in the case of many treaties, including the CISG, the appropriate default rule would consider the costs to the signatory state of displacing domestic procedures, and that those costs would often lead a state to desire to allow its domestic procedural doctrines to prevail over application of substantive treaty provisions.

中文翻译：

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司法拒绝适用条约法：国内法对《销售公约》适用的限制

在许多案件中，法院拒绝在当事人提出国内法的诉讼中适用《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》，尽管基础合同符合《销售公约》作为管辖法律的必要标准。得出这一结论的法院坚持认为，国内程序法允许排除《销售公约》，尽管它本来可以适用。其他法院和众多评论员坚持认为，在这些案件中司法拒绝适用于 CISG 既违反了 CISG 的实质性规定，也违反了管辖采用该公约的国家的义务的条约法。在本文中，我们认为，援引国内程序原则来避免适用《销售公约》的法院的行为符合缔约国的意图，是合理且一致的。首先，《销售公约》的实质性条款并不排除在一系列案件中使用程序原则，因为评论员更广泛地阅读了《销售公约》的领域。更一般地说，当条约没有说明其对国内程序原则的影响时，国家有义务服从国内程序原则的论点未能考虑这些国家是否打算取代国内程序。我们得出的结论是，在包括《销售公约》在内的许多条约的情况下，适当的默认规则将考虑签署国取代国内程序的成本，