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Contract validity and the CISG
Uniform Law Review ( IF 0.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-01 , DOI: 10.1093/ulr/unx010
Ulrich G. Schroeter

The article discusses the standards that determine the validity of contracts that are governed by the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980 (CISG). While Article 4(a) of the—CISG � the so-called ‘validity exception’—generally excludes the validity of the contract from the Convention's material scope, it does so incompletely by adding a ‘except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention’ caveat. Against this background, the article sets out to develop a novel validity definition. According to this definition, provisions concerned with the ‘validity of the contract’ in the sense of Article 4(a) of the CISG are legal limits to party autonomy. The article continues by applying this definition to various potential validity issues as discussed in case law and legal writings. In doing so, it distinguishes between validity issues clearly not covered by the CISG (as legal limits on what to sell, legal limits on who to sell to or to purchase from, and legal limits on how to sell) and validity issues clearly covered by the CISG, as the formal validity of contracts, the validity of open-price contracts and the effect of an initial objective impossibility of the agreed performance on the contract. Finally, the article discusses a more complicated group of borderline issues that may or may not be governed by the Sales Convention, as mistakes or misrepresentations by a contracting party, the effect of contract clauses limiting a party's rights under the contract, surprising contract clauses and the effect of legal prohibitions of interest.

中文翻译:

合同有效性和《销售公约》

本文讨论了确定受 1980 年联合国国际货物销售合同公约 (CISG) 管辖的合同有效性的标准。尽管《销售公约》第 4(a)条——所谓的“有效性例外”——一般将合同的有效性排除在公约的实质范围之外,但它通过添加“除非本公约另有明确规定”来不完全地做到这一点警告。在此背景下,本文着手制定新的有效性定义。根据这一定义,与《销售公约》第 4 条(a)款意义上的“合同有效性”有关的条款是对当事人意思自治的法律限制。本文继续将此定义应用于案例法和法律著作中讨论的各种潜在有效性问题。在这样做,它区分了 CISG 明确未涵盖的有效性问题(作为销售什么的法律限制、向谁销售或从谁购买的法律限制以及如何销售的法律限制)和 CISG 明确涵盖的有效性问题,如合同的形式有效性、公开价格合同的有效性以及约定履行的初始客观不可能对合同的影响。最后,本文讨论了一组更复杂的边界问题,这些问题可能受或不受销售公约管辖,如缔约方的错误或失实陈述、限制一方当事人在合同项下权利的合同条款的影响、令人惊讶的合同条款以及法律禁止利息的影响。向谁出售或从谁购买的法律限制,以及如何出售的法律限制)和《销售公约》明确涵盖的有效性问题,如合同的形式有效性、公开价格合同的有效性和初始目标的影响无法按约定履行合同。最后,本文讨论了一组更复杂的边界问题,这些问题可能受或不受销售公约管辖,如缔约方的错误或失实陈述、限制一方当事人在合同项下权利的合同条款的影响、令人惊讶的合同条款以及法律禁止利息的影响。向谁出售或从谁购买的法律限制,以及如何出售的法律限制)和《销售公约》明确涵盖的有效性问题,如合同的形式有效性、公开价格合同的有效性和初始目标的影响无法按约定履行合同。最后,本文讨论了一组更复杂的边界问题,这些问题可能受或不受《销售公约》管辖,如缔约方的错误或失实陈述、限制一方当事人在合同项下权利的合同条款的影响、令人惊讶的合同条款以及法律禁止利息的影响。公开价格合同的有效性以及合同约定履行的初始客观不可能性的影响。最后,本文讨论了一组更复杂的边界问题,这些问题可能受或不受《销售公约》管辖,如缔约方的错误或失实陈述、限制一方当事人在合同项下权利的合同条款的影响、令人惊讶的合同条款以及法律禁止利息的影响。公开价格合同的有效性以及合同约定履行的初始客观不可能性的影响。最后,本文讨论了一组更复杂的边界问题,这些问题可能受或不受《销售公约》管辖,如缔约方的错误或失实陈述、限制一方当事人在合同项下权利的合同条款的影响、令人惊讶的合同条款以及法律禁止利息的影响。
更新日期:2017-03-01
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