The West Bank and the Gaza Strip came under Israeli occupation in 1967. Both territories had been under constant Israeli control since then, until Israel decided to withdraw its land forces and settlements from the Strip in 2005. Whereas the occupied status of the West Bank still remains uncontested, the status of Gaza after the disengagement is less clear. This article addresses the question whether the Gaza Strip can still be considered to be occupied after the 2005 disengagement. In order to formulate an answer to this question, the article will first outline the different elements needed to trigger occupation. It will then show that, even though the majority argues that the Gaza Strip is still occupied, the effective control test at the core of the law of occupation is no longer met and hence Gaza is no longer occupied. Given that Israel nevertheless continues to exercise some degree of control over Gaza and its population, the absence of occupation does not mean the absence of accountability. This responsibility is however not founded on the law of occupation but on general international humanitarian law, potentially complemented by international human rights law.

中文翻译：

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以色列仍然是加沙的占领国吗？

西岸和加沙地带于 1967 年被以色列占领。从那时起，这两个领土一直处于以色列的控制之下，直到以色列于 2005 年决定从加沙地带撤出其地面部队和定居点。而西岸的被占领地位仍然存在仍然无可争议，脱离接触后加沙的地位就不太清楚了。本文讨论了加沙地带在 2005 年脱离接触后是否仍可被视为被占领的问题。为了回答这个问题，本文将首先概述触发占领所需的不同要素。那么它将表明，即使大多数人认为加沙地带仍然被占领，但不再满足占领法核心的有效控制测试，因此加沙不再被占领。然而，鉴于以色列继续对加沙及其人民行使某种程度的控制，没有占领并不意味着没有问责制。然而，这一责任并非建立在占领法之上，而是建立在一般国际人道主义法之上，并可能得到国际人权法的补充。