Cables in cable-stayed bridges are subjected to the problem of multi-mode vibrations. Particularly, the first ten modes of long cables can have a frequency less than 3Hz and hence are vulnerable to wind-rain induced vibrations. In practice, mechanical dampers are widely used to mitigate such cable vibrations and thus they have to be designed to provide sufficient damping for all the concerned vibration modes. Meanwhile, the behaviors of practical dampers are complicated and better to be described by mechanical models with many parameters. Furthermore, additional mechanical components such as inerters and negative stiffness devices have been proposed to enhance the damper performance on cables. Therefore, it is increasingly difficult to optimize the damper parameters for suppressing multi-mode cable vibrations. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel damper design method based on the genetic algorithm (GA). The procedure of the method is first introduced where the damper performance optimization is formulated as a single-objective multi-parameter optimization problem. The effectiveness of the method is then verified by considering a viscous damper on a stay cable. Subsequently, the method is applied to optimize three typical dampers for cable vibration control, i.e. the positive stiffness damper, the negative stiffness damper, and the viscous inertial mass damper. The results show that the GA-based method is effective and efficient for cable damper design to achieve best multi-mode control effect and it is particularly useful for dampers with more parameters.

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基于遗传算法的多模电缆振动控制阻尼器优化设计

斜拉桥中的拉索存在多模振动问题。特别是，长电缆的前十种模式的频率可以小于 3Hz，因此容易受到风雨引起的振动的影响。在实践中，机械阻尼器被广泛用于减轻这种电缆振动，因此必须将它们设计为为所有相关的振动模式提供足够的阻尼。同时，实际阻尼器的行为比较复杂，最好用多参数的力学模型来描述。此外，已经提出了额外的机械部件，例如惰性器和负刚度装置，以增强电缆的阻尼性能。因此，优化阻尼器参数以抑制多模电缆振动变得越来越困难。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了一种基于遗传算法（GA）的新型阻尼器设计方法。首先介绍了该方法的过程，其中阻尼器性能优化被表述为单目标多参数优化问题。然后通过考虑斜拉索上的粘性阻尼器来验证该方法的有效性。随后，应用该方法优化了三种典型的电缆振动控制阻尼器，即正刚度阻尼器、负刚度阻尼器和粘性惯性质量阻尼器。结果表明，基于遗传算法的拉索阻尼器设计方法有效且高效，可实现最佳的多模态控制效果，尤其适用于参数较多的阻尼器。应用该方法优化了三种典型的电缆振动控制阻尼器，即正刚度阻尼器、负刚度阻尼器和粘性惯性质量阻尼器。结果表明，基于遗传算法的拉索阻尼器设计方法有效且高效，可实现最佳的多模态控制效果，尤其适用于参数较多的阻尼器。应用该方法优化了三种典型的电缆振动控制阻尼器，即正刚度阻尼器、负刚度阻尼器和粘性惯性质量阻尼器。结果表明，基于遗传算法的拉索阻尼器设计方法有效且高效，可实现最佳的多模态控制效果，尤其适用于参数较多的阻尼器。