US regional development policy in the early twentieth century was characterised by a centralised, national effort to reallocate economic activity from capacity-constrained regions to those with excess capacity. In the late twentieth century, the USA gradually abandoned its policy of spatial Keynesianism in favour of a decentralised process of regional competition whereby state and local governments superseded the federal government as the loci of a policy agenda focussed on cost competitiveness. This shift was accompanied by a decline in regional income convergence in the USA. The regional competition model of development policy facilitated the decline in convergence in several ways, including: (1) the creation of coordination failures, which (A) make it difficult to implement redistributive policy within regions and (B) contribute to the existence of excess capacity in the aggregate, (2) introducing cost-related inefficiencies and (3) forgoing the opportunity to replicate previously successful spatial Keynesian policies.

中文翻译：

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美国的空间凯恩斯主义政策和区域收入趋同的下降

美国在20世纪初的区域发展政策的特点是，集中进行了全国性的努力，将经济活动从能力有限的地区重新分配给产能过剩的地区。在20世纪后期，美国逐渐放弃了空间凯恩斯主义的政策，而采取了分散的区域竞争程序，州和地方政府取代了联邦政府，因为政策议程的重点是成本竞争力。这种转变伴随着美国地区收入趋同的下降。发展政策的区域竞争模型以多种方式促进了趋同的下降，包括：（1）造成协调失灵，