This case study examines the consequences of community language attitudes and ideologies on later-generation heritage speakers through qualitative sociolinguistic and discourse analysis of 22 interviews with first- and second-generation Latinos of diverse backgrounds in a major US metropolitan area. The findings show that imposed deficit identities derived from ideologies of language purity, proficiency, and individual agency were misunderstood and stigmatized later-generation heritage speakers, leading to language insecurity and avoidance despite overtly positive attitudes toward Spanish maintenance. Results demonstrate the resilience of prescriptive/purist language attitudes and the tension inherent between these beliefs (albeit couched within positive heritage language attitudes) and speakers’ actual bilingualism. Further, they show that the ideologies of individual agency can paradoxically contribute to the imposition of deficit sociolinguistic identities on later-generation speakers and curtail their language use. The study renders visible connections between ideologies of language, identity, and agency and demonstrates how their reproduction within families and communities circumscribes later-generation heritage speakers’ linguistic identities and behavior.

中文翻译：

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“巴巴里达人，拉丁裔和西班牙裔佩斯伯语西班牙语入门”：跨代移民的语言意识形态，中介和遗产语言不安全感

本案例研究通过定性的社会语言学和话语分析，对美国主要城市地区背景不同的第一代和第二代拉丁裔进行了22次访谈，考察了社区语言态度和意识形态对下一代传承人的影响。研究结果表明，源自语言纯正，熟练程度和个人代理意识形态的强加的缺陷身份被误解并给下一代传统讲者蒙上了污名，尽管他们对西班牙维护采取了积极态度，但仍导致语言不安全和回避。结果表明，说明性/纯粹的语言态度具有弹性，以及这些信念（尽管处于积极的传统语言态度中）与说话者的实际双语之间固有的张力。进一步，他们表明，个体代理的意识形态可能反常地有助于在后代说话者身上施加缺乏社会语言学的认同感，并减少他们的语言使用。这项研究使语言，身份和代理意识形态之间的联系可见，并证明了它们在家庭和社区中的再现如何限制了下一代传承人的语言身份和行为。