The indoor air quality (IAQ) was investigated in sixty-four primary school buildings in five Central European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, and Slovenia). The concentration of volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, PM_2.5 mass, carbon dioxide, radon, as well as physical parameters were investigated during the heating period of 2017/2018. Significant differences were identified for the majority of the investigated IAQ parameters across the countries. The median indoor/outdoor ratios varied considerably. A comprehensive evaluation of IAQ in terms of potential health effects and comfort perception was performed. Hazard quotient values were below the threshold value of 1 with one exception. In contrast, 31% of the school buildings were characterized by hazard index values higher than 1. The maximum cumulative ratio approach highlighted that the concern for non-carcinogenic health effects was either low or the health risk was driven by more substances. The median excess lifetime cancer risk values exceeded the acceptable value of 1 × 10⁻⁶ in the case of radon and formaldehyde. PM_2.5 mass concentration values exceeded the 24 h and annual guideline values set by the World Health Organization in 56 and 85% of the cases, respectively. About 80% of the schools could not manage to comply with the recommended concentration value for carbon dioxide (1000 ppm).

中文翻译：

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中欧小学建筑的室内空气质量和相关的健康风险——InAirQ 研究

对五个中欧国家（捷克共和国、匈牙利、意大利、波兰和斯洛文尼亚）的 64 所小学建筑的室内空气质量 (IAQ) 进行了调查。挥发性有机化合物、醛类、PM _2.5的浓度对 2017/2018 年供暖期间的质量、二氧化碳、氡以及物理参数进行了调查。大多数调查的 IAQ 参数在各国之间存在显着差异。室内/室外比例的中位数差异很大。在潜在的健康影响和舒适感方面对室内空气质量进行了综合评估。除了一个例外，危险商值低于阈值 1。相比之下，31% 的学校建筑的危害指数值高于 1。最大累积比率方法强调对非致癌健康影响的关注度较低，或者健康风险是由更多物质驱动的。中位超额终生癌症风险值超过可接受值 1 × 10 ^-6在氡和甲醛的情况下。PM _2.5质量浓度值分别在 56% 和 85% 的案例中超过了世界卫生组织设定的 24 小时和年度指导值。约 80% 的学校未能达到二氧化碳的推荐浓度值 (1000 ppm)。