Recently, there has been a steady increase in demand for lithium (Li) and its compounds, accounting for 10% over the past decade. The level of production and industrial use of lithium currently serves as a development indicator of advanced countries' innovative potential. Although there are large-scale and high-quality lithium deposits in Russia (Kola and Irkutsk regions), Li production is manufacturing mostly from import stock. In modern Russian realities, roasting and hydrometallurgical processing of ores and concentrates using sulfuric acid and lime-soda methods seem to be practically uncontested. The present study provides a thorough review of technologies of Li production from such industrial sources, as spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and mica. Major large-scale methods, used currently in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine, are discussed and matched with the world's scientific achievements to shape a complex picture of the current technology level. The latest enhancements of the sulfation method significantly increase its overall technological efficiency: sulfuric acid treatment of spodumene is the most cost-effective for processing of lithium ores containing at least 1.0% Li₂O without preliminary enrichment. At the same time, the main advantages of the lime roasting method are versatility, the absence of scarce reagents, and the use of typical equipment. Roasting remains the only known industrial method that allows getting lithium hydroxide directly from raw material, without precipitation of intermediate compounds. However, the roasting scheme also has several disadvantages: the necessity of the use of concentrates with high lithium content; elevated energy consumption; operating complexity. The technology of autoclave leaching of Ukrainian petalite ores being discussed as well. Presumably, autoclave-based methods are optimal for poor raw material processing with high efficiency. In conclusion, technologies of Li-mica processing briefly considered, taking into account the issues of waste disposal and economic background. Altogether, the review summarizes the essential aspects of industrial technologies of lithium ores and concentrates processing, mainly used in Eastern Europe and Russia.

最近，对锂（Li）及其化合物的需求一直在稳定增长，在过去十年中占10％。锂的生产和工业使用水平目前是发达国家创新潜力的发展指标。尽管俄罗斯（科拉和伊尔库茨克地区）有大规模优质的锂矿床，但锂的生产主要来自进口库存。在现代的俄罗斯现实中，使用硫酸和石灰-苏打法进行矿石和精矿的焙烧和湿法冶金处理似乎几乎没有争议。本研究提供了从锂辉石，锂云母，花瓣石和云母等工业来源生产锂的技术的详尽综述。目前在俄罗斯，哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰使用的主要大规模方法，讨论并与世界科学成就相匹配，以形成当前技术水平的复杂图景。硫酸化方法的最新改进显着提高了其整体技术效率：锂辉石的硫酸处理对于锂含量至少为1.0％的锂矿石的加工而言，是最具成本效益的_2个O无需初步浓缩。同时，石灰焙烧法的主要优点是通用性强，无需稀缺试剂，并且使用典型设备。焙烧仍然是唯一已知的工业方法，该方法允许直接从原料中获得氢氧化锂，而不会沉淀出中间化合物。然而，焙烧方案也有一些缺点：必须使用锂含量高的精矿；能源消耗增加；操作复杂度。讨论了乌克兰花瓣石矿石的高压釜浸出技术。据推测，基于高压釜的方法最适合于原料加工效率低下的高效率。最后，简要介绍了锂云母加工技术，考虑到废物处理和经济背景的问题。综上，本综述总结了主要用于东欧和俄罗斯的锂矿石和精矿加工工业技术的基本方面。