This paper presents a tool to estimate the stresses, and thus the expected forces, at a retaining wall by the installation of piles. The solution method is based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and the soil is modeled using a simplified hypoplastic material law. In order to correctly compute the forces on the soil due to the contact between the pile and the soil, a formulation for imposing frictional boundary conditions using SPH is developed. Modeling the soil with the chosen hypoplastic approach also allows for tensile forces in the soil. However, these are not physical. Therefore, an alternative formulation is presented which directly eliminates unphysical tensile stresses in the cohesionless soil without any additional numerical parameters. The numerical code is firstly validated against benchmark problems. Then several test cases are simulated including monotonic and cyclic penetration of piles into the soil. A good agreement with the experimental observation is found. Additionally, the impact of pile driving in the presence of sheetpiles (retainers) is investigated to see how the pile driving can alter the applied forces on the sheet piles. The simulation of such complex geotechnical problems that involve large deformation, material nonlinearity, and moving boundary conditions demonstrates the applicability and versatility of the proposed numerical tool in this field.

本文介绍了一种通过安装桩来估算挡土墙处的应力以及预期作用力的工具。求解方法基于平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH），并且使用简化的次生材料定律对土壤进行建模。为了正确计算由于桩与土壤之间的接触而在土壤上产生的力，开发了一种使用SPH施加摩擦边界条件的公式。使用所选的非塑性方法对土壤进行建模也可以考虑土壤中的拉力。但是，这些不是物理的。因此，提出了一种替代配方，该配方可以直接消除无粘性土壤中的非物理拉伸应力，而无需任何其他数值参数。首先针对基准问题验证数字代码。然后模拟了几个测试用例，包括桩的单调性和循环渗透到土壤中的情况。发现与实验观察结果很好的吻合。此外，研究了在存在板桩（保持架）的情况下打桩的影响，以了解打桩如何改变施加在板桩上的力。对涉及大变形，材料非线性和运动边界条件的复杂岩土工程问题的仿真证明了所提出的数值工具在该领域的适用性和多功能性。研究了在存在板桩（保持架）的情况下打桩的影响，以了解打桩如何改变施加在板桩上的力。对涉及大变形，材料非线性和运动边界条件的复杂岩土工程问题的仿真证明了所提出的数值工具在该领域的适用性和多功能性。研究了在存在板桩（保持架）的情况下打桩的影响，以了解打桩如何改变施加在板桩上的力。对涉及大变形，材料非线性和运动边界条件的复杂岩土工程问题的仿真证明了所提出的数值工具在该领域的适用性和多功能性。