Understanding how local and landscape-level factors influence species abundances and distributions is crucial for conservation and restoration efforts. Effects of urbanization are often negative at a landscape level, but some taxa such as solitary cavity-nesting bees perform better in urban areas, due to increases in food, nesting, and habitat resources at the local level. In this study, we ask how local and landscape factors across an urbanization gradient influence three demographic aspects of reproduction for solitary-nesting bees: fecundity, brood survivorship, and total adults to emerge in the spring. In 2018–2019, we surveyed solitary cavity-nesting bees active in 18 grassland restoration sites across the city of Louisville, Kentucky, USA using constructed nest boxes. We found that bee larvae had increased survivorship in urban areas as compared to surrounding rural areas, possibly due to decreased nest parasitism. Additionally, we found bee fecundity to increase with the proportion of native flowers in the surrounding floral community. These results indicate that urbanization can benefit some groups of solitary bees when paired with local grassland restoration efforts. This highlights the importance of native plants and natural areas in the urban matrix to support pollinator communities.

了解当地和景观层面的因素如何影响物种的丰度和分布对于保护和恢复工作至关重要。在景观水平上，城市化的影响通常是负面的，但是由于当地食物，巢穴和栖息地资源的增加，一些类群（如孤窝蜂）在城市地区表现更好。在这项研究中，我们询问整个城市化梯度中的局部和景观因素如何影响单居蜂繁殖的三个人口统计学方面：繁殖力，育雏率和春季成虫总数。在2018–2019年，我们使用人工巢箱对活跃于美国肯塔基州路易斯维尔市18个草地恢复点的孤立巢穴蜜蜂进行了调查。我们发现，与周围的农村地区相比，城市地区的蜜蜂幼虫存活率提高了，这可能是由于巢寄生降低了。此外，我们发现蜜蜂的繁殖力随周围花卉群落中本地花的比例而增加。这些结果表明，如果结合当地的草地恢复工作，城市化可以使一些单独的蜂群受益。这凸显了城市基质中本地植物和自然区域对传粉媒介社区的支持的重要性。这些结果表明，如果结合当地的草地恢复工作，城市化可以使一些单独的蜂群受益。这突出了城市基质中本地植物和自然区域对传粉媒介社区的支持的重要性。这些结果表明，如果结合当地的草地恢复工作，城市化可以使一些单独的蜂群受益。这凸显了城市基质中本地植物和自然区域对传粉媒介社区的支持的重要性。