Earth dams are constantly under the hydraulic pressure. Their long-term operation leads to arising of zones of increased water cut and filtration in body and base of dams. This weakens dam’s strength. Geophysical methods can be used to control condition of the soil structures. We describe the research results of the Elchovka earth dam by a complex of electrometric methods, as they are most sensitive to changes in soil moisture. We applied the self-potential (SP) method, the vertical electrical soundings (VES) and the remote induction soundings (RIS) with the study of the frequency dispersion of electrical resistivity. Main pathways of the water filtration were identified by the self-potential method. According to the results of RIS, the boundary between bulk and natural soils as well as the boundary between sedimentary and bedrock are clearly distinguished. Electric soundings on direct current (VES) allowed us to localize places with reduced resistivities due to increased soil moisture. Frequency dispersion anomalies, which can also indicate water filtration in bulk soils and bedrock, were found. On the investigated dam, anomalies of the electrical conductivity and the frequency dispersion coincide with anomalies of the self-potential. This indicates increased filtration. Thus, the use of the remote induction soundings and the frequency dispersion methods together with widely applied VES and SP methods enhances the reliability of research and provides additional information about the hydrogeological situation in the area of the dam.

土坝始终处于水压之下。它们的长期运行导致坝体和坝基出现增水和滤滤区域。这削弱了大坝的强度。地球物理方法可用于控制土壤结构的状况。我们通过复杂的电测方法描述了 Elchovka 土坝的研究结果，因为它们对土壤湿度的变化最敏感。我们应用自电位（SP）法、垂直电测深（VES）和远程感应测深（RIS）来研究电阻率的频率分散性。通过自电位法确定了水过滤的主要途径。根据RIS的结果，体土和天然土之间的边界以及沉积物和基岩之间的边界清晰地区分。直流电测深（VES）使我们能够定位由于土壤湿度增加而电阻率降低的地方。发现了频率离散异常，这也可以表明散装土壤和基岩中的水过滤。在所研究的大坝上，电导率和频率分散的异常与自电势的异常一致。这表明过滤增加。因此，使用远程感应探测和频率分散方法以及广泛应用的 VES 和 SP 方法增强了研究的可靠性，并提供了有关大坝区域水文地质情况的附加信息。