Increasingly, people must interact with robot technologies. In this research, we examined attitudes toward robots as equipment and as coworkers and whether these attitudes are affected by the autonomy of the robot among participants living in the United States (Study 1: N = 1003; Study 2: N = 969). Study 1 revealed that respondents had a more positive attitude toward robots as equipment than as coworkers. Technology use self-efficacy and prior robot use experience were associated with more positive attitudes toward both robot positions. Having a degree in engineering or technology was associated with a positive attitude toward robot coworkers, while neuroticism was associated with a negative attitude. Additionally, technology use self-efficacy was found to have a significant indirect effect on the associations between openness and attitudes toward robots as well as conscientiousness and attitudes toward robots. In Study 2, a three-group online survey experiment showed that teleoperated robots and semi-autonomous robots were preferred as equipment over fully autonomous robots. The robots’ autonomy level did not impact attitude toward robot coworkers. Overall, the results suggest that people prefer non-autonomous robots over autonomous robots in the work-life context. The studies provide a comprehensive overview of attitudes toward robots as both equipment and coworkers, and the key predictors of the noted attitudes. The results suggest a readiness for shared autonomy between a human operator and a robot. This should be considered in the design and successful implementation of new robot technologies in workplaces.

人们越来越必须与机器人技术互动。在这项研究中，我们研究了对作为设备和同事的机器人的态度，以及这些态度是否受到居住在美国的参与者中机器人自主性的影响（研究1：N  = 1003；研究2：N = 969）。研究1显示，受访者对机器人作为设备比对同事的态度更为积极。技术使用的自我效能感和先前的机器人使用经验与对两个机器人位置的更积极态度相关。具有工程或技术学位与对机器人同事的积极态度有关，而神经质与否定态度有关。另外，发现技术使用的自我效能对开放性和对机器人的态度以及对机器人的认真性和态度之间的关联具有显着的间接影响。在研究2中，一项三组在线调查实验表明，与全自动机器人相比，遥控机器人和半自主机器人更适合作为设备。机器人的自主权水平不会影响对机器人同事的态度。总体而言，结果表明，在工作生活环境中，人们更喜欢非自主机器人而不是自主机器人。这些研究提供了对作为设备和同事的机器人的态度的全面概述，以及所指出态度的关键预测因素。结果表明，操作员和机器人之间已准备好共享自主权。在工作场所新机器人技术的设计和成功实施中应考虑到这一点。结果表明，人类操作员和机器人之间已准备好共享自主权。在工作场所新机器人技术的设计和成功实施中应考虑到这一点。结果表明，人类操作员和机器人之间已准备好共享自主权。在工作场所新机器人技术的设计和成功实施中应考虑到这一点。