Whilst the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 allows for damning and infrastructural development in the Indus River Basin, it does so without factoring in environmental considerations. This is because environmental standards in international law, except those related to pollution control, were largely absent when the Treaty was negotiated in the 1950s. Given the increasing list of development-related disputes between India and Pakistan, and their aspirations for further damming and other infrastructural works in the Basin, this paper seeks to close the gaps in the Treaty’s provisions and developments in international environmental law to date. To do so effectively, the paper analyzes the relevant provisions of the UN Watercourses Convention, supplemented with an examination of the European regional framework. Based on these, it proposes changes to the Treaty so that both India and Pakistan are able to work within a legal framework which not only provides for environmental impact assessments for planned projects, but enhances monitoring, assessments, and reporting. This will ensure that such developments are not only environmentally sound but also help to alleviate some of the disputes between India and Pakistan.

中文翻译：

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印度河流域的筑坝和基础设施建设：加强《印度河流域条约》的规定

虽然 1960 年的《印度河流域条约》允许在印度河流域进行大规模的基础设施开发，但它在这样做时并未考虑环境因素。这是因为国际法中的环境标准，除了与污染控制有关的标准，在 1950 年代谈判该条约时基本上没有。鉴于印度和巴基斯坦之间与开发相关的争端越来越多，以及他们希望在该流域进行进一步的筑坝和其他基础设施工程，本文力求缩小该条约的规定和迄今为止国际环境法的发展之间的差距。为了有效地做到这一点，本文分析了联合国水道公约的相关条款，并辅以对欧洲区域框架的审查。基于这些，它提议对条约进行修改，以便印度和巴基斯坦能够在一个法律框架内工作，该框架不仅为计划项目提供环境影响评估，而且加强监测、评估和报告。这将确保这些发展不仅对环境无害，而且有助于缓解印度和巴基斯坦之间的一些争端。