Several theorists argue that blackmail is morally wrong because the blackmail proposal is coercive. These coercion-based views are promising but incomplete. A full explanation of blackmail's immorality must address both the blackmail proposal and the blackmail agreement. I defend what I call the complex account, on which blackmail is morally wrong because blackmail proposals are coercive and blackmail agreements are fraudulent. The complex account avoids difficulties that beset other coercion-based views and provides a stronger case for why blackmail should be criminalized.

中文翻译：

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胁迫、欺诈以及勒索有什么问题

一些理论家认为，勒索在道德上是错误的，因为勒索提议是强制性的。这些基于强制的观点是有希望的，但并不完整。勒索不道德的完整解释必须同时解决勒索提议和勒索协议。我捍卫我所谓的复杂账户，敲诈在道德上是错误的，因为敲诈提议是强制性的，敲诈协议是欺诈性的。复杂的帐户避免了困扰其他基于胁迫的观点的困难，并为为什么应将勒索定为刑事犯罪提供了更有力的理由。