The argument I defend in this paper takes for granted that the proceduralist indictment against judicial review is at least partly justifiable, and that a complete theory of democratic legitimacy will therefore attempt to address it to the greatest possible degree. I examine how the indictment can be addressed via the practice of nonparty participation, whereby members of the general public may seek participatory involvement in a court proceeding despite not being directly implicated by the dispute at issue. Through this practice, courts acquire a means to expose themselves to a cross-section of societal influences, which in turn can be said to improve the legitimacy of the decisions they render from a procedural perspective. Importantly, however, such legitimacy will not be transmitted spontaneously, as if the mere fact that courts allow nonparties to participate is all that is needed to address the proceduralist's concern. The crux of my argument is that only when the practice is conceived in a particular way, and is subjected to the appropriate conditions, does it have a genuine chance of realizing its legitimating promise.

中文翻译：

---

非当事人参与作为（部分）补救程序对司法审查的担忧

我在本文中辩护的论点理所当然地认为，对司法审查的程序主义起诉至少部分是合理的，因此，一个完整的民主合法性理论将试图最大程度地解决这个问题。我研究了如何通过非当事方参与的做法来解决起诉，即公众成员可以寻求参与法庭程序，尽管没有直接受到争议的牵连。通过这种做法，法院获得了一种将自己暴露于社会影响的横截面的方法，这反过来可以说从程序的角度提高了他们做出的决定的合法性。然而，重要的是，这种合法性不会自发传播，就好像法院允许非当事人参与这一事实就足以解决程序主义者的担忧。我的论点的关键是，只有当实践以特定的方式被构想，并受到适当的条件约束时，它才有真正的机会实现其合法的承诺。