Much of the literature on illegal labour focuses on the exploitation of illegal migrants and, by extension, the trafficking and smuggling networks that transport them to destination countries. Using evidence from two projects that investigated working conditions in the formal service economy, the paper presents evidence of ‘off the books’ work, illegal employment practices such as denial of benefits and the minimum wage, as well as work trials where labour is exploited for free. By considering political economic imperatives, this paper argues that employees in both the formal and informal economy are dispossessed of rights, pay, benefits and security in order for employers to profit by surplus value and the circulation of capital. The real ‘organised crime’ of illegal labour is neoliberal political economy and its decimation of employment protection.

中文翻译：

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为免费的非法雇佣行为、“账外”工作和服务经济中的合法性连续工作而工作

许多关于非法劳工的文献都侧重于对非法移民的剥削，进而关注将他们运送到目的地国的贩运和走私网络。本文使用来自两个调查正规服务经济中工作条件的项目的证据，提出了“账外”工作、拒绝福利和最低工资等非法就业行为的证据，以及剥削劳动力的工作试验。自由。通过考虑政治经济需要，本文认为正规和非正规经济中的雇员都被剥夺了权利、薪酬、福利和安全，以便雇主通过剩余价值和资本流通获利。