As an intellectual, economic, political and legal project, neoliberalism is not directed towards the rolling back of the state as an aim in itself. While its deregulatory tendencies, its commodification of public services and the undermining of systems of social welfare superficially suggest a generalised reduction in state power, it has been clear from the early 1980s that one of neoliberalism’s primary concerns has been the authoritarian reshaping of state power to engineer particular social outcomes, whether in criminal justice, the disciplining of organised labour, the militarisation of national territory and migration, or the extension and deepening of regimes of austerity. This article introduces the recent work of Maurizio Lazzarato, who has argued that the asymmetrical creditor-debtor relationship is now the archetype of contemporary, neoliberal social relations. Ultimately, Lazzarato’s perspective tends to exaggerate the totalising powers of finance capital and leads him to endorse a form of political voluntarism, which fails to address the role of the neoliberal state as a site for forms of authoritarianism which are not solely generated by the debt relation. As a response, it will be suggested that aspects of Nicos Poulantzas’s concept of ‘authoritarian statism’ can be used to both strengthen our understanding of the authoritarian characteristics of the neoliberal state, and to imagine possibilities for resisting its expressions of power.

中文翻译：

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国家权力、债务政治和对抗新自由主义威权主义

作为一项知识、经济、政治和法律项目，新自由主义本身并不以国家倒退为目标。虽然其放松管制的倾向、公共服务的商品化和对社会福利制度的破坏表面上表明国家权力的普遍减少，但从 1980 年代初开始，新自由主义的主要关注点之一是对国家权力的专制重塑设计特定的社会结果，无论是刑事司法、对有组织劳工的惩戒、国家领土和移民的军事化，还是紧缩制度的扩展和深化。本文介绍了 Maurizio Lazzarato 的近期工作，他认为不对称的债权债务关系现在是当代的原型，新自由主义社会关系。最终，拉扎拉托的观点倾向于夸大金融资本的总体权力，并导致他认可一种政治自愿主义形式，这种形式未能解决新自由主义国家作为威权主义形式的场所的作用，而威权主义形式不仅仅由债务关系产生。 . 作为回应，尼科斯·普兰查斯的“威权国家主义”概念的各个方面都可以用来加强我们对新自由主义国家威权特征的理解，并想象抵制其权力表达的可能性。这未能解决新自由主义国家作为威权主义形式的场所的作用，而威权主义形式不仅是由债务关系产生的。作为回应，尼科斯·普兰查斯的“威权国家主义”概念的各个方面都可以用来加强我们对新自由主义国家威权特征的理解，并想象抵制其权力表达的可能性。这未能解决新自由主义国家作为威权主义形式的场所的作用，而威权主义形式不仅是由债务关系产生的。作为回应，将建议尼科斯·普兰查斯 (Nicos Poulantzas) 的“威权国家主义”概念的各个方面既可用于加强我们对新自由主义国家威权特征的理解，又可用于想象抵制其权力表达的可能性。