PurposeThe main aim of this article is to review the past, present, and future of the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory.MethodIn the ICAP theory, the key underlying theoretical construct is antisocial potential (AP). It is proposed that long-term, slowly changing, between-individual differences in AP depend primarily on strain, modeling, and socialization processes, while short-term, quickly changing, within-individual variations in AP depend on situational influences such as being bored, angry, drunk, or frustrated, and the availability of opportunities and victims. Whether the potential becomes the actuality of offending depends on a cognitive decision-making process that takes account of perceived costs, benefits, and probabilities of outcomes.ResultsThis article reviews the initial development of the ICAP theory (the past) and then the current form of the theory (the present). It then presents the results of some empirical tests of the theory. Finally (the future), it reviews some possible improvements to the theory, some predictions concerning controversial issues that might challenge the theory, some desirable empirical tests of the theory, and its policy implications for crime reduction.

中文翻译：

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综合认知反社会潜力（ICAP）理论：过去，现在和未来

目的本文的主要目的是回顾综合认知反社会潜能（ICAP）理论的过去，现在和未来。方法在ICAP理论中，关键的理论基础是反社会潜能（AP）。建议AP的长期，缓慢变化的个体间差异主要取决于压力，模型和社会化过程，而AP的短期，快速变化的个体内部差异则取决于无聊等情况的影响。 ，生气，醉酒或沮丧，以及机会和受害者的可用性。潜力是否成为犯罪的现实取决于认知决策过程，该过程考虑了感知的成本，收益和结果的可能性。结果本文回顾了ICAP理论的最初发展（过去），然后回顾了该理论的当前形式（现在）。然后介绍了该理论的一些实证检验的结果。最后（未来），它回顾了对理论的一些可能的改进，对可能挑战该理论的有争议问题的一些预测，对该理论的一些可取的经验检验以及其对减少犯罪的政策含义。