This paper examines the application of the latest iterations of EU data protection law – in the General Data Protection Regulation, the Law Enforcement Directive and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU – to the use of predictive policing technologies. It suggests that the protection offered by this legal framework to those impacted by predictive policing technologies is, at best, precarious. Whether predictive policing technologies fall within the scope of the data protection rules is uncertain, even in light of the expansive interpretation of these rules by the Court of Justice of the EU. Such a determination would require a context-specific assessment that individuals will be ill-placed to conduct. Moreover, even should the rules apply, the substantive protection offered by the prohibition against automated decision-making can be easily sidestepped and is subject to significant caveats. Again, this points to the conclusion that the protection offered by this framework may be more illusory than real. This being so, there are some fundamental questions to be answered – including the question of whether we should be building predictive policing technologies at all.

中文翻译：

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刑事司法分析和欧盟数据保护法：对预测性警务的不稳定保护

本文探讨了最新版本的欧盟数据保护法（在《通用数据保护条例》、《执法指令》和欧盟法院的判例中）在预测性警务技术中的应用。它表明，该法律框架为受预测性警务技术影响的人提供的保护充其量是不稳定的。即使考虑到欧盟法院对这些规则的广泛解释，预测性警务技术是否属于数据保护规则的范围也是不确定的。这样的决定将需要针对个人将不适合进行的特定环境评估。此外，即使规则适用，禁止自动决策所提供的实质性保护很容易被回避，并受到重大警告。同样，这表明该框架提供的保护可能比真实更虚幻。既然如此，有一些基本问题需要回答——包括我们是否应该构建预测性警务技术的问题。