Data on the impact of species diversity on biomass in the Central Himalayas, along with stand structural attributes is sparse and inconsistent. Moreover, few studies in the region have related population structure and the influence of large trees on biomass. Such data is crucial for maintaining Himalayan biodiversity and carbon stock. Therefore, we investigated these relationships in major Central Himalayan forest types using non-destructive methodologies to determine key factors and underlying mechanisms. Tropical Shorea robusta dominant forest has the highest total biomass density (1280.79 Mg ha−1) and total carbon density (577.77 Mg C ha−1) along with the highest total species richness (21 species). The stem density ranged between 153 and 457 trees ha−1 with large trees (> 70 cm diameter) contributing 0–22%. Conifer dominant forest types had higher median diameter and Cedrus deodara forest had the highest growing stock (718.87 m3 ha−1); furthermore, C. deodara contributed maximally toward total carbon density (14.6%) among all the 53 species combined. Quercus semecarpifolia–Rhododendron arboreum association forest had the highest total basal area (94.75 m2 ha−1). We found large trees to contribute up to 65% of the growing stock. Nine percent of the species contributed more than 50% of the carbon stock. Species dominance regulated the growing stock significantly (R2 = 0.707, p < 0.001). Temperate forest types had heterogeneous biomass distribution within the forest stands. We found total basal area, large tree density, maximum diameter, species richness, and species diversity as the predominant variables with a significant positive influence on biomass carbon stock. Both structural attributes and diversity influenced the ordination of study sites under PCA analysis. Elevation showed no significant correlation with either biomass or species diversity components. The results suggest biomass hyperdominance with both selection effects and niche complementarity to play a complex mechanism in enhancing Central Himalayan biomass carbon stock. Major climax forests are in an alarming state regarding future carbon security. Large trees and selective species act as key regulators of biomass stocks; however, species diversity also has a positive influence and should also reflect under management implications.

中文翻译：

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林分结构和物种多样性调节印度中部喜马拉雅山主要森林类型下的生物量碳储量

关于喜马拉雅中部地区物种多样性对生物量的影响以及林分结构特征的数据稀疏且不一致。此外，该地区的研究很少有相关的种群结构以及大树对生物量的影响。这些数据对于维持喜马拉雅生物多样性和碳储量至关重要。因此，我们使用非破坏性方法研究了喜马拉雅中部主要森林类型的这些关系，以确定关键因素和潜在机制。热带浓郁壮阔的浓香树（Shorearobusta）森林具有最高的总生物量密度（1280.79 Mg ha-1）和总碳密度（577.77 Mg C ha-1）以及最高的物种丰富度（21种）。茎密度介于153和457公顷ha-1之间，其中大树（直径大于70厘米）占0–22％。针叶树优势林类型具有较高的中值直径，雪松迪达拉森林的生长种群最高（718.87 m3 ha-1）；此外，在所有53个物种中，C。deodara对总碳密度的贡献最大（14.6％）。腰果栎-杜鹃花树协会林的总基础面积最高（94.75 m2 ha-1）。我们发现大树占到了不断增长的种群的65％。9％的物种贡献了超过50％的碳储量。物种优势显着调节生长种群（R2 = 0.707，p <0.001）。温带森林类型在林分内具有不同的生物量分布。我们发现了总基础面积，大树木密度，最大直径，物种丰富度，物种多样性作为主要变量，对生物量碳储量具有显着的正向影响。在PCA分析下，结构属性和多样性都影响了研究地点的排序。高程与生物量或物种多样性成分均无显着相关性。结果表明，具有选择效应和生态位互补性的生物量超支，在增强中部喜马拉雅生物量碳库中起着复杂的作用。关于未来碳安全，主要的高潮森林正处于令人震惊的状态。大树和精选树种是生物量库的关键调节器；但是，物种多样性也具有积极影响，也应反映在管理意义上。结构属性和多样性都影响了PCA分析下研究地点的排序。高程与生物量或物种多样性成分均无显着相关性。结果表明，具有选择效应和生态位互补性的生物量超支，在增强中部喜马拉雅生物量碳库中起着复杂的作用。关于未来碳安全，主要的高潮森林正处于令人震惊的状态。大树和精选树种是生物量库的关键调节器；但是，物种多样性也具有积极影响，也应反映在管理意义上。在PCA分析下，结构属性和多样性都影响了研究地点的排序。高程与生物量或物种多样性成分均无显着相关性。结果表明，具有选择效应和生态位互补性的生物量超支，在增强中部喜马拉雅生物量碳库中起着复杂的作用。关于未来碳安全，主要的高潮森林正处于令人震惊的状态。大树和精选树种是生物量库的关键调节器；但是，物种多样性也具有积极影响，也应反映在管理意义上。结果表明，具有选择效应和生态位互补性的生物量超支，在增强中部喜马拉雅生物量碳库中起着复杂的作用。关于未来碳安全，主要的高潮森林正处于令人震惊的状态。大树和精选树种是生物量库的关键调节器；但是，物种多样性也具有积极影响，也应反映在管理意义上。结果表明，具有选择效应和生态位互补性的生物量超支，在增强中部喜马拉雅生物量碳库中起着复杂的作用。关于未来碳安全，主要的高潮森林正处于令人震惊的状态。大树和精选树种是生物量库的关键调节器；但是，物种多样性也具有积极影响，也应反映在管理意义上。