This study investigated the mechanism, prevention measures, and control methods for earthquake disasters typically occurring in mines with thick and hard rock strata. A mine stope with large faults and thick hard rock strata in Hebei Province was taken as the background study object. Then, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation methods were adopted in conjunction with field monitoring to explore how horizontal stress evolves in the thick and hard hanging roofs of such mines, potentially leading to mining earthquakes. Then, based on the obtained results, a mining design method was proposed to reduce the horizontal stress levels of earthquake mitigation. The results showed that, under the control of large faults, semiopen and semiclosed stopes with thick hard rock strata are formed, which cause influentially pressurized and depressurized zones during the evolution of the overburden movements and horizontal stress. It was determined that the stress concentrations mainly originated from the release and transfer of horizontal stress during the rock fractures and movements in the roof areas, which were calculated using a theoretical estimation model. The horizontal stress concentrations formed “counter torques” at both ends of the thick and hard strata, which prevented the support ending due to tensile failures. As a result, the limit spans were increased. This study proposed a mining strategy of using narrow working faces, strip mining processes, and reasonable mining speeds, which could effectively reduce horizontal stress concentrations and consequently prevent and control mining earthquakes. This study’s research results were successfully applied to the mining practices in working face 16103.

中文翻译：

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考虑采场水平应力演化的厚硬岩层矿山地震机理与防治

这项研究调查了通常在具有厚硬岩层的矿山中发生的地震灾害的机理，预防措施和控制方法。以河北省大型断层厚硬岩地层矿山为背景研究对象。然后，理论分析和数值模拟方法与现场监测相结合，探讨了在此类矿山的厚而硬的顶棚中水平应力是如何演化的，有可能导致采矿地震。然后，基于获得的结果，提出了一种减少地震缓解的水平应力水平的采矿设计方法。结果表明，在大断层的控制下，形成了具有厚硬岩层的半开放和半封闭采场，在上覆运动和水平应力的演化过程中，它们会造成有影响的加压和减压区域。可以确定，应力集中主要来自岩石破裂和屋顶区域运动期间水平应力的释放和传递，这是使用理论估计模型计算得出的。水平应力集中在厚层和硬层的两端形成“反扭矩”，从而防止了由于拉伸破坏而导致的支撑终止。结果，极限跨度增加了。这项研究提出了一种使用狭窄工作面，带状采矿工艺和合理采矿速度的采矿策略，可以有效地降低水平应力集中，从而预防和控制采矿地震。