Characterizing the amplitude, phase profile, and polarization of optical beams is critical in modern optics. With a series of cascaded optical components, one can accurately resolve the optical singularity and polarization state in traditional polarimetry systems. However, complicated optical setups and bulky configurations inevitably hinder future applications for integration. Here, we demonstrate a metadevice that fully resolves arbitrary beams on a higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) via a single-layer all-silicon metasurface. The device is compact and capable of detecting optical singularities and higher-order Stokes parameters simultaneously through a single intensity measurement. To verify the validity of the proposed metadevice, different beams on ${\mathrm{HOPS}}_{0,0}$ and ${\mathrm{HOPS}}_{1,-1}$ are illuminated on the metadevices. The beams are fully resolved, and the reconstructed higher-order Stokes parameters show good agreement with the original ones. Taking the signal-to-noise ratio into account, the numerical simulations indicate that the design strategy can be extended to fully resolve arbitrary beams on HOPS with order up to 4. Because of the advantages of compact configuration and compatibility with current semiconductor technology, the metadevice will facilitate potential applications in information processing and optical communications.

中文翻译：

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全介电超表面，用于完全解析高阶庞加莱球上的任意光束

表征光束的幅度，相位分布和偏振在现代光学中至关重要。借助一系列级联的光学组件，可以准确解析传统偏振系统中的光学奇异性和偏振态。但是，复杂的光学设置和庞大的配置不可避免地会阻碍将来的集成应用。在这里，我们演示了一种通过单层全硅超表面完全解析高阶庞加莱球（HOPS）上任意光束的元设备。该设备结构紧凑，能够通过单次强度测量同时检测光学奇点和高阶斯托克斯参数。为了验证所提出的元设备的有效性，在不同的波束上${\mathrm{酒花}}_{0，0}$ 和 ${\mathrm{酒花}}_{\mathrm{1个}，-\mathrm{1个}}$在元设备上被照亮。光束完全解析，重建的高阶斯托克斯参数与原始参数吻合良好。考虑到信噪比，数值仿真表明可以扩展设计策略以完全解析HOPS上的任意光束，其阶数最多为4。元设备将促进在信息处理和光通信中的潜在应用。