Rock phosphate is an alternative form of phosphorus (P) fertilizer; however, there is no information regarding the influence of P fertilizer sources in Brazilian Cerrado soils upon microbial genes coding for phosphohydrolase enzymes in crop rhizospheres. Here, we analyze a field experiment comparing maize and sorghum grown under different P fertilization (rock phosphate and triple superphosphate) upon crop performance, phosphatase activity and rhizosphere microbiomes at three levels of diversity: small subunit rRNA marker genes of bacteria, archaea and fungi; a suite of alkaline and acid phosphatase and phytase genes; and ecotypes of individual genes. We found no significant difference in crop performance between the fertilizer sources, but the accumulation of fertilizer P into pools of organic soil P differed. Phosphatase activity was the only biological parameter influenced by P fertilization. Differences in rhizosphere microbiomes were observed at all levels of biodiversity due to crop type, but not fertilization. Inspection of phosphohydrolase gene ecotypes responsible for differences between the crops suggests a role for lateral genetic transfer in establishing ecotype distributions. Moreover, they were not reflected in microbial community composition, suggesting that they confer competitive advantage to individual cells rather than species in the sorghum rhizosphere.

中文翻译：

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作物类型对根际磷酸水解酶基因丰度和系统发育多样性的影响大于磷肥

磷酸盐是磷 (P) 肥料的替代形式；然而，没有关于巴西塞拉多土壤中磷肥来源对作物根际磷酸水解酶编码微生物基因影响的信息。在这里，我们分析了一项田间试验，比较了玉米和高粱在不同磷肥（磷酸盐和三重过磷酸钙）下对作物性能、磷酸酶活性和根际微生物组在三个多样性水平上的影响：细菌、古细菌和真菌的小亚基 rRNA 标记基因；一套碱性和酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶基因；和个体基因的生态型。我们发现不同肥料来源的作物性能没有显着差异，但肥料 P 在有机土壤 P 池中的积累不同。磷酸酶活性是受磷肥影响的唯一生物学参数。由于作物类型的不同，在生物多样性的各个层面都观察到了根际微生物组的差异，而不是施肥。检查导致作物之间差异的磷酸水​​解酶基因生态型表明横向遗传转移在建立生态型分布中的作用。此外，它们并未反映在微生物群落组成中，这表明它们赋予单个细胞而不是高粱根际物种的竞争优势。检查导致作物之间差异的磷酸水​​解酶基因生态型表明横向遗传转移在建立生态型分布中的作用。此外，它们并未反映在微生物群落组成中，这表明它们赋予单个细胞而不是高粱根际物种的竞争优势。检查导致作物之间差异的磷酸水​​解酶基因生态型表明横向遗传转移在建立生态型分布中的作用。此外，它们并未反映在微生物群落组成中，这表明它们赋予单个细胞而不是高粱根际物种的竞争优势。