This study empirically investigates how much economic and social activities were decreased by the implementation of lockdown policies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We measure the magnitude of those activities using nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. Our observations include daily NO2 emissions in 173 countries from January 1 to July 31, 2020. Our findings can be summarized as follows. Lockdown policies significantly decreased NO2 emissions in low-income countries during policy and post-policy periods. In high-income countries, however, NO2 emissions increased during both periods. In addition, the absolute impact of lockdown policies was larger during the post-policy period than during the policy period. While the stay-at-home policy reduced NO2 emissions, we did not discover robust differences between regions in its effect.

中文翻译：

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锁定政策是否会减少经济和社会活动？来自NO2排放的证据

这项研究从经验上调查了在2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间实施锁定政策导致的经济和社会活动减少了多少。我们使用二氧化氮（NO2）排放量来衡量这些活动的规模。我们的观察结果包括2020年1月1日至7月31日在173个国家中的每日NO2排放量。我们的发现可总结如下。在政策制定期间和政策制定之后，封锁政策显着降低了低收入国家的NO2排放量。但是，在高收入国家，这两个时期的NO2排放量都增加了。此外，锁定政策的绝对影响在政策后时期要比政策时期更大。虽然“居家政策”减少了NO2排放，