Two studies sought to replicate previous work on cultural differences in the co-occurrence of spontaneous trait (STI) and situation (SSI) inferences, and to examine possible mediators at the individual level. Both studies replicated previous findings of cultural differences. European Americans made more STIs relative to SSIs than did Asian American or Japanese participants. However Experiment 1 found no evidence from the Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS) that self-reported cognitive style mediates this effect, although expected cultural differences on the AHS did occur. Experiment 2 found strong evidence that a bias in overt visual attention to actors relative to situations at encoding, measured with an eye-tracker, does predict a bias in STIs relative to SSIs. It also showed expected cultural differences in overt visual attention bias to actors relative to situations. These divergent results should sharpen conceptions of the role of holistic versus analytic cognition in the cross-cultural literature. They also provide the first evidence of possible mediators of STI and SSI within the false recognition paradigm. The role of visual attention in the production of perceptual and cognitive inferences is discussed.

两项研究试图复制关于自发特质（STI）和情境（SSI）推理同时出现的文化差异的先前工作，并研究个体层面的可能介导者。两项研究均重复了先前文化差异的发现。与亚裔美国人或日本参与者相比，欧洲裔美国人相对于SSI产生了更多的性传播感染。然而，实验1从分析-整体主义量表（AHS）中没有发现自我报告的认知风格能够介导这种效应的证据，尽管确实发生了预期的文化差异。实验2发现有力的证据表明，用眼动仪测量的相对于编码情况而言，演员在视觉注意力上的偏见确实可以预测STI相对于SSI的偏见。它还显示了预期的文化差异，即相对于情境，演员对视觉的偏见明显。这些分歧的结果应加强对整体认知与分析认知在跨文化文学中的作用的认识。他们还提供了错误识别范式中STI和SSI可能介导的第一个证据。讨论了视觉注意在感知和认知推断产生中的作用。