Research has consistently found evidence for four parenting styles that vary along the dimensions of warmth/responsiveness and control/demandingness. Although these parenting styles have important implications for youth development, less research has explored how parents of adolescents vary in their use of subtypes of warmth and control, as well as negative aspects of parenting. The current study utilized a person-centered approach to examine adolescents’ report of their parents’ engagement in six behaviors (i.e., rules, solicitation, psychological control, problem communication, open communication, warmth). Additionally, the current study examined whether profiles of perceived parenting behaviors are differentially associated with adolescents’ substance use, risky cyber behaviors, over-eating behaviors, under-eating behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Data were collected from 161 adolescents in the US (M_age = 14.42, SD = 1.73, range = 12–18; 80.7% Caucasian; 59.6% female) who completed questionnaires regarding parenting behaviors and problematic outcomes. Latent profile analyses indicated that adolescents perceived their parents as displaying five unique profiles of parenting behaviors (i.e., Problematic, Controlling, Inconsistent, Warm and Open, Authoritative), which were uniquely associated with adolescents’ problematic outcomes. Findings urge researchers to consider how multiple aspects of parental warmth/responsiveness and control/demandingness along with negative parenting behaviors co-occur among parents of adolescents and differentially relate to developmental outcomes. When examining adolescents’ perceived parenting profiles using a wider range of parenting behaviors, findings suggest that parenting styles are more nuanced than previous research has suggested. Further, these nuanced profiles have important implications for adolescents’ problematic outcomes.

研究一直发现有四种育儿方式的证据，这些方式随着温暖/反应能力和控制/要求的不同而不同。尽管这些育儿方式对青少年的发展具有重要意义，但很少有研究探讨青少年父母在使用温暖和控制的亚型以及父母的消极方面如何变化。当前的研究采用了以人为中心的方法，研究了青少年关于父母参与六种行为（即规则，恳求，心理控制，问题沟通，开放式沟通，温暖）的报告。此外，目前的研究还检查了认知行为的概况是否与青少年的物质使用，危险的网络行为，暴饮暴食的行为，暴饮暴食的行为，和抑郁症状。数据收集自美国的161名青少年（中号_时代 = 14.42，SD = 1.73，范围= 12–18；80.7％高加索人; 59.6％的女性）完成了有关养育行为和有问题的结果的问卷调查。潜在特征分析表明，青少年认为父母表现出五个独特的父母行为特征（即问题，控制，不一致，热情和开放，权威），这与青少年的问题结局具有独特的联系。研究结果敦促研究人员考虑青少年的父母如何同时发生父母的温暖/反应和控制/要求以及负面的养育行为的多个方面，并且这些方面与发育结果有不同的关系。当使用更广泛的养育行为来检查青少年的感知养育状况时，研究结果表明，养育方式比以前的研究更细微。此外，这些细微差别的概况对青少年的问题结局具有重要意义。