Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality accounting for one in every six deaths globally. Plant secondary metabolites, among them polyphenols, represent an effective and much safer alternative approach to the currently available medications. In this work, utilizing LC-MS/MS, we characterized the constituents of S. yapa leaves extract and evaluated its antioxidant and anticancer properties. In total, 34 secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids (Tricin, luteolin, and apigenin and their glucosides as well as sulfated derivatives) were identified. The extract manifested substantial antioxidant activity in DPPH assay, and high total phenolic content determined by Folin Ciocalteu method. The extract was safe up to 4800 mg/kg b.wt. when administered orally in mice and neither affected the hematological parameters nor the liver enzyme levels at the studied dose (LD₅₀, 480 mg, kg b.wt.). In the treated animals, the extract surpassed the reference drug (5-flouro uracil) and significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight by 71.50 and 85.46%, respectively, increased the median survival time to 53.2 days and the lifespan by 116%. The extract improved all the hematological parameters, where it increased the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PVC) and platelets by 58.21, 8.98, 9.89 and 120%, respectively, compared to the untreated EAC bearing animals. Additionally, the extract significantly declined the elevated levels of ALT and AST enzymes by 29.18% and 59.88%, respectively. In molecular docking, the annotated flavonoids displayed appreciable binding affinities to the active sites of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. In conclusion, Saba yapa is a promising plant that can be introduced to further advanced clinical studies for the development of novel anticancer drugs with lower side effects.

癌症是导致死亡的第二大原因，占全球每6例死亡中的1例。植物次生代谢物（其中包括多酚）是目前可用药物的一种有效且更安全的替代方法。在这项工作中，我们利用LC-MS / MS鉴定了沙棘的成分叶提取物并评估其抗氧化和抗癌特性。总共鉴定出34种次级代谢产物，主要是类黄酮（Tricin，木犀草素和芹菜素及其糖苷以及硫酸化衍生物）。该提取物在DPPH分析中表现出显着的抗氧化活性，并且通过Folin Ciocalteu方法测定的总酚含量较高。提取物安全至4800 mg / kg b.wt.。当在小鼠中口服给药时，在所研究的剂量下既不影响血液学参数也不影响肝酶水平（LD ₅₀480 mg，kg b.wt.）。在治疗的动物中，提取物超过了参考药物（5-氟尿嘧啶），肿瘤体积和重量分别显着减少了71.50和85.46％，中位生存时间延长至53.2天，寿命延长了116％。提取物改善了所有血液学参数，与未处理相比，其血红蛋白（Hb）浓度，红细胞（RBC）计数，堆积细胞体积（PVC）和血小板分别增加了58.21、8.98、9.89和120％带有EAC的动物。此外，提取物显着降低了ALT和AST酶的升高水平，分别降低了29.18％和59.88％。在分子对接中，带注释的类黄酮对VEGFR1和VEGFR2的活性位点表现出明显的结合亲和力。最后，Saba yapa 是一种有前途的植物，可用于进一步的高级临床研究，以开发副作用更低的新型抗癌药物。