Cycling of CO₂ between the oceans and the atmosphere has significant impacts on the global climate change. The accurate reconstructions of paleo-pH and atmospheric-oceanic carbon cycling using geochemical tracers (e.g., δ¹¹B, B/Ca) in marine carbonates are reviewed in this work, including the fundamental mechanisms and the remaining challenges in these proxies and the progresses in understanding of evolution of paleo-climate and seawater pH from the late Permian to postindustrial periods. The proxies provide new insight into the evolution of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations at time scales from tens of millions to thousands of years, and the direct evidence to the significant ocean acidification during the mass extinction events, and the CO₂ cycling in ocean-atmosphere system during the Last Deglaciation and post-industrial periods. On the basis of extensive investigation, it could be concluded that: (i) the carbon dioxide levels and their impacts on Earth surface temperature during the Cenozoic cooling, the Pliocene warmth, and the mid-Pleistocene transition have been evaluated by the combination of multiple proxies; (ii) the benthic/planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca and δ¹¹B data provided consistent implications for global climate variations during the Late Pleistocene, the Late Glacial, Last Glacial Maximum, and the Younger Dryas event; (iii) perturbations of surface ocean pH at the Permo-Triassic (P-T) boundary, the Pliensbachian-Toarcian (Pl-To) boundary, the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary and the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) global warming event were triggered by the large injection of carbon, the short episodic pulses of volcanogenic CO₂, the Chicxulub impact, and the volcanism activities of the North Atlantic Igneous Province, respectively; (iv) the ocean acidification in the equatorial and polar Pacific during the Last Deglaciation implied an expanded zone of equatorial upwelling and resultant CO₂ emission from higher subsurface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. The acceleration of modern acidification in post-industrial time was not only driven by anthropogenic CO₂ but also varied synchronously with inter-decadal changes in Asian Winter Monsoon Intensity.

海洋与大气之间的CO ₂循环对全球气候变化具有重大影响。古pH和大气海洋碳的准确重建使用地球化学示踪剂（例如，δ循环¹¹ B，B /钙）的海相碳酸盐在这项工作中进行了综述，包括基本机制和在这些代理剩余的挑战和进展了解二叠纪后期至工业化后古气候和海水pH值的演变。这些代理人提供了从几千万年到数千年的时间尺度上大气CO ₂浓度变化的新见解，并为大规模灭绝事件期间严重的海洋酸化和CO ₂的直接证据提供了证据。在末次冰消期和后工业化时期，海洋-大气系统中的循环运动。在广泛研究的基础上，可以得出以下结论：（i）通过综合多种方法评估了新生代冷却，上新世温暖和中更新世过渡期间的二氧化碳水平及其对地球表面温度的影响。代理 （ii）所述底栖/浮游有孔虫B / Ca和δ ¹¹B数据对晚更新世，晚冰川期，末次冰川最大值期和年轻树妖事件期间的全球气候变化提供了一致的影响；（iii）在Permo-Triassic（PT）边界，Pliensbachian-Toarcian（Pl-To）边界，白垩纪-Paleogene（K / Pg）边界和古新世-始新世最大热值（PETM）整体上扰动地表海洋pH北大西洋火成岩省的大量注入碳，火山成因的CO ₂短时发作脉冲，Chicxulub撞击和火山活动分别触发了变暖事件。（iv）上次冰消期期间赤道和极地太平洋的海洋酸化意味着赤道上升流带的扩展和由此产生的CO ₂较高的地下溶解的无机碳浓度产生的碳排放。工业化后现代酸化的加速不仅由人为CO ₂驱动，而且与亚洲冬季风强度的年代际变化同步变化。