Detection of paraben compounds in numerous human biological samples and their association with many health disorders imply that the humans can be exposed to parabens in many ways. Although many researchers have studied dermal and oral exposures to parabens, a few of them have considered indoor and outdoor air as a source for human exposure to these compounds. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor the indoor and outdoor air concentrations of parabens in different places and age groups in Isfahan, Iran. For this purpose, ten sites were selected to determine four parabens in indoor and outdoor air simultaneously. Sampling was carried out using a polyurethane foam (PUF) tube connected to a SKC pump operating at a flow rate of 10 L/min. Parabens desorption from PUF, their extraction from solvents and their analysis were performed using methanol/water solvents, ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid and micro-extraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), respectively. Results showed a significant difference among MePB (p = 0.002), EtPB (p = 0.001), PrPB (p = 0.001) and BuPB (p = 0.013) concentrations in indoor and outdoor air. Moreover, the lowest and the highest concentrations of MePB (0.36 and 0.63 ng/m³), EtPB (0.31 and 0.65, ng/m³), PrPB (0.64 and 1.07 ng/m³) and BuPB (0.0 and 0.21 ng/m³) were detected in green spaces and barbershops. The infants and children (6–8 years) were found to be exposed to the highest risk of indoor air. The obtained results can provide a basis for future indoor and outdoor air quality studies.

在许多人类生物样品中检测到对羟基苯甲酸酯化合物，并将其与许多健康疾病相关联，这意味着人类可以通过多种方式接触对羟基苯甲酸酯。尽管许多研究人员已经研究了对羟基苯甲酸酯的皮肤和口服暴露，但其中一些人认为室内和室外空气是人体暴露于这些化合物的来源。因此，本研究旨在监测伊朗伊斯法罕不同地区和不同年龄段对羟基苯甲酸酯的室内和室外空气浓度。为此，选择了十个地点，以同时测定室内和室外空气中的四种对羟基苯甲酸酯。使用连接到以10 L / min的流速运行的SKC泵的聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）管进行采样。对羟基苯甲酸酯从PUF中解吸，分别从甲醇/水溶剂，超声辅助分散液-液和微萃取（DLLME）和气相色谱-质谱仪（GC-MS）中进行萃取。结果表明，室内和室外空气中的MePB（p = 0.002），EtPB（p = 0.001），PrPB（p = 0.001）和BuPB（p = 0.013）浓度之间存在显着差异。而且，MePB的最低和最高浓度（0.36和0.63 ng / m³），在绿色空间和理发店中检测到EtPB（0.31和0.65 ng / m ³），PrPB（0.64和1.07 ng / m ³）和BuPB（0.0和0.21 ng / m ³）。发现婴儿和儿童（6-8岁）暴露于室内空气的最高风险。所得结果可为今后室内外空气质量研究提供依据。