Knowledge of the impacts of sex on plant mortality and biomass production has scientific and practical importance. In the case of willows, we know relatively little about such effects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether the sex of individuals of different willow species determines their biomass and mortality. An additional goal was to determine whether the secondary sex characteristics, such as leaf traits, depend on sex. The experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2014 with 8100 plants comprising 150 willow genotypes, including 8 species, 16 interspecies hybrids, cultivars, and specimens differentiated by sex. Statistical analysis of the leaf traits revealed their relationship to sex. On average, male specimens have longer and wider leaves. They also have longer petioles. Males of the studied Salix genotypes were characterized by higher biomass and showed a greater survival rate than females but only under better site conditions; when the site conditions were poorer, males had higher mortality than females.

了解性对植物死亡率和生物量生产的影响具有科学和实践意义。就柳树而言，我们对这种影响知之甚少。这项研究的主要目的是评估不同种类柳树的个体性别是否决定其生物量和死亡率。另一个目标是确定次生性别特征（例如叶子特征）是否取决于性别。该实验于2011年至2014年期间对8100种植物进行了研究，这些植物包括150种柳树基因型，其中包括8种，16种种间杂种，品种和按性别区分的标本。对叶片性状的统计分析揭示了它们与性别的关系。平均而言，雄性标本具有更长和更宽的叶子。它们的叶柄也更长。研究的柳属的雄性基因型的特征是生物量更高，并且比女性具有更高的存活率，但是仅在更好的条件下才能生存。当现场条件较差时，男性的死亡率要高于女性。