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“The Etherealization of Common Sense?” Arithmetical and Algebraic Modes of Intelligibility in Late Victorian Mathematics of Measurement
Archive for History of Exact Sciences ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s00407-018-0218-y
Daniel Jon Mitchell

The late nineteenth century gradually witnessed a liberalization of the kinds of mathematical object and forms of mathematical reasoning permissible in physical argumentation. The construction of theories of units illustrates the slow and difficult spread of new “algebraic” modes of mathematical intelligibility, developed by leading mathematicians from the 1830s onwards, into elementary arithmetical pedagogy, experimental physics, and fields of physical practice like telegraphic engineering. A watershed event in this process was a clash that took place during 1878 between J. D. Everett and James Thomson over the meaning and algebraic manipulation of dimensional formulae. This precipitated the emergence of rival “Maxwellian” and “Thomsonian” approaches towards interpreting and applying “dimensional” equations, which expressed the relationship between derived and fundamental units in an absolute system of measurement. What at first looks like a dispute over a seemingly esoteric mathematical tool for unit conversion turns out to concern Everett’s break with arithmetical algebra in the representation and manipulation of physical quantities. This move prompted a vigorous rebuttal from Thomsonian defenders of an orthodox “arithmetical empiricism” on epistemological, semantic, or pedagogical grounds. Their resistance in Victorian Britain to a shift in mathematical intelligibility is suggestive of the difficult birth of theoretical physics, in which the intermediate steps of a mathematical argument need have no direct physical meaning.

中文翻译:

“常识的空灵化?” 维多利亚晚期测量数学中可懂度的算术和代数模式

19 世纪后期逐渐见证了物理论证中允许的数学对象种类和数学推理形式的自由化。单位理论的构建说明了数学可理解性的新“代数”模式缓慢而艰难地传播,这些模式由 1830 年代以来的主要数学家开发,进入初级算术教学法、实验物理学和物理实践领域,如电报工程。这个过程中的一个分水岭事件是 1878 年 JD Everett 和 James Thomson 之间关于维度公式的含义和代数操作的冲突。这促成了对“维数”方程的解释和应用的竞争“麦克斯韦”和“汤姆森”方法的出现,它表达了绝对测量系统中派生单位和基本单位之间的关系。乍一看似乎是对一个看似深奥的单位转换数学工具的争论,结果却是关注埃弗雷特在物理量的表示和处理方面与算术代数的决裂。这一举动引起了汤姆森派捍卫正统“算术经验主义”的强烈反驳,他们从认识论、语义学或教学法的角度进行了反驳。他们在维多利亚时代的英国对数学可理解性转变的抵制暗示了理论物理学的艰难诞生,其中数学论证的中间步骤不需要有直接的物理意义。乍一看似乎是对一个看似深奥的单位转换数学工具的争论,结果却是关注埃弗雷特在物理量的表示和处理方面与算术代数的决裂。这一举动引起了汤姆森派捍卫正统“算术经验主义”的强烈反驳,他们从认识论、语义学或教学法的角度进行了反驳。他们在维多利亚时代的英国对数学可理解性转变的抵制暗示了理论物理学的艰难诞生,其中数学论证的中间步骤不需要有直接的物理意义。乍一看似乎是对一个看似深奥的单位转换数学工具的争论,结果却是关注埃弗雷特在物理量的表示和处理方面与算术代数的决裂。这一举动引起了汤姆森派捍卫正统“算术经验主义”的强烈反驳,他们从认识论、语义学或教学法的角度进行了反驳。他们在维多利亚时代的英国对数学可理解性转变的抵制暗示了理论物理学的艰难诞生,其中数学论证的中间步骤不需要有直接的物理意义。这一举动引起了汤姆森派捍卫正统“算术经验主义”的强烈反驳,他们从认识论、语义学或教学法的角度进行了反驳。他们在维多利亚时代的英国对数学可理解性转变的抵制暗示了理论物理学的艰难诞生,其中数学论证的中间步骤不需要有直接的物理意义。这一举动引起了汤姆森派捍卫正统“算术经验主义”的强烈反驳,他们从认识论、语义学或教学法的角度进行了反驳。他们在维多利亚时代的英国对数学可理解性转变的抵制暗示了理论物理学的艰难诞生,其中数学论证的中间步骤不需要有直接的物理意义。
更新日期:2018-11-10
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