AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the systematic astronomical observations performed by Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī (d. 1283 AD) at the Maragha observatory (northwestern Iran, ca. 1260–1320 AD) between 1262 and 1274 AD. In a treatise entitled Talkhīṣ al-majisṭī (Compendium of the Almagest), preserved in a unique copy at Leiden, Universiteitsbibliotheek (Or. 110), Muḥyī al-Dīn explains his observations and measurements of the Sun, the Moon, the superior planets, and eight reference stars. His measurements of the meridian altitudes of the Sun, the superior planets, and the eight bright stars were made using the mural quadrant of the observatory, and the times of their meridian transit using a water clock. The mean absolute error in the meridian altitudes of the Sun is ~ 3.1′, of the superior planets ~ 4.6′, and of the eight fixed stars ~ 6.2′. The clepsydras used by Muḥyī al-Dīn could apparently fix time intervals with a precision of ± 5 min. His estimation of the magnitudes of three lunar eclipses observed in Maragha in 1262, 1270, and 1274 AD is in close agreement with modern data.

中文翻译：

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1260-1270 年代马拉加天文台的天文观测

摘要本文分析了 Muḥyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī（公元 1283 年）在马拉加天文台（伊朗西北部，约公元 1260-1320 年）在公元 1262 年至公元 1274 年间进行的系统天文观测。在一篇题为 Talkhīṣ al-majisṭī（天文学大纲）的论文中，保存在莱顿大学图书馆（或 110）的独特副本中，Muḥyī al-Dīn 解释了他对太阳、月球、外行星的观察和测量，和八颗参考星。他使用天文台的壁画象限测量太阳、外行星和八颗明亮恒星的子午线高度，并使用水钟测量它们的子午线时间。太阳子午线高度的平均绝对误差约为 3.1 英尺，优越的行星约为 4.6 英尺，八颗固定恒星的平均绝对误差约为 6.2 英尺。Muḥyī al-Dīn 使用的漏壶显然可以以 ± 5 分钟的精度确定时间间隔。他对公元 1262 年、1270 年和 1274 年在马拉加观测到的三个月食的幅度的估计与现代数据非常吻合。